秸秆、木质素及其生物炭对潮土CO<sub>2</sub>释放及有机碳含量的影响

张杰; 黄金生; 刘佳; 刘荣乐

文章摘要

张杰,黄金生,刘佳,刘荣乐.秸秆、木质素及其生物炭对潮土CO₂释放及有机碳含量的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2015,34(2):401-408.

秸秆、木质素及其生物炭对潮土CO₂释放及有机碳含量的影响

Carbon Dioxide Emissions and Organic Carbon Contents of Fluvo-aquic Soil as Influenced by Straw and Lignin and Their Biochars

投稿时间：2014-09-26

DOI：10.11654/jaes.2015.02.026

中文关键词: 潮土秸秆木质素生物炭二氧化碳释放有机碳

英文关键词: fluvo-aquic soil straw lignin biochar CO₂ emission organic carbon

基金项目:国家高技术研究发展计划(863)(2008AA06Z307);国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD05B04)

作者	单位	E-mail
张杰	中国农业科学院研究生院, 北京 100081
黄金生	广西农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所, 南宁 530007
刘佳	江西省农业科学院土壤肥料与资源环境研究所, 南昌 330200
刘荣乐	中国农业科学院研究生院, 北京 100081	rlliu@caas.net.cn

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中文摘要:

研究添加秸秆、木质素及其生物炭后潮土CO₂释放特征及土壤有机碳含量变化,为合理利用有机物料提供科学依据.采用室内模拟试验,等碳量(1%秸秆/土壤质量比)施入4种物料(秸秆、木质素及其裂解的两种生物炭),分析不同处理土壤CO₂释放速率、累积释放量和有机碳、水溶性有机碳(DOC)、易氧化有机碳(ROC)及微生物量碳(MBC)含量的变化与相关性.结果发现,土壤中添加不同物料对土壤CO₂释放和有机碳含量有显着影响,秸秆和木质素能提高土壤CO₂释放速率、累积释放量及有机碳矿化强度,均达到极显着差异,但两种生物炭处理与对照相比没有显着差异.在培养前期(30 d),不同物料均显着提高了土壤有机碳含量;但培养一年后,仅两种生物炭处理土壤有机碳含量较高,秸秆及木质素与对照相比没有显着差异.秸秆和木质素能显着增加DOC、ROC和MBC等土壤活性有机碳含量,而两种生物炭与对照相比没有明显差异;土壤DOC、ROC(167 mmol·L^-1 KMnO₄)、ROC(33 mmol·L^-1 KMnO₄)和MBC直接影响CO₂累积释放量,ROC(333 mmol·L^-1 KMnO₄)对CO₂累积释放量具有较强的间接作用.相对于秸秆和木质素而言,生物炭增加土壤有机碳含量,而没有增加CO₂释放量,因此生物炭农用在固碳减排方面更具有积极意义.

英文摘要:

Additions of organic materials could enhance soil organic carbon and may also promote carbon dioxide(CO₂) emissions. In an incubation experiment, we examined the CO₂ emissions and organic carbon contents of fluvo-aquic soil after applying straw and lignin and their biochars. The rate and cumulative amount of CO₂ emissions and the dynamic changes of total organic carbon, dissolved organic carbon(DOC), readily oxidation carbon(ROC) and microbial biomass carbon(MBC) were measured. Compared with the control, the rate and accumulative amount of CO₂ emissions, and organic carbon mineralization intensity were all significantly increased by straw or lignin additions, but not by their biochars. During the first 30 d incubation, all materials significantly increased soil organic carbon. After one year, however, higher soil organic carbon was found only in the biochar treatments. Straw or lignin additions significantly promoted DOC, ROC and MBC, but their biochars did not. The accumulative emissions of soil CO₂ were influenced directly by soil DOC, ROC(176 mmol·L^-1 KMnO₄), ROC(33 mmol·L^-1 KMnO₄), and indirectly by ROC(333 mmol·L^-1 KMnO₄). These results suggest that agricultural applications of biochars have positive roles in promoting carbon sequestration and reducing CO₂ emissions.

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