文章摘要
潘复燕,薛利红,卢萍,董元华,马资厚,杨林章.不同土壤添加剂对太湖流域小麦产量及氮磷养分流失的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2015,34(5):928-936.
不同土壤添加剂对太湖流域小麦产量及氮磷养分流失的影响
Effects of Different Soil Additives on Wheat Yield and Nitrogen and Phosphorus Loss in Tai Lake Region
投稿时间:2014-12-29  
DOI:10.11654/jaes.2015.05.016
中文关键词: 小麦  土壤添加剂  产量  氮肥利用率  径流  渗漏  氮磷损失
英文关键词: wheat  soil additive  yield  nitrogen use efficiency  runoff  leaching  nitrogen and phosphorus loss
基金项目:国家水专项(2012ZX07101-004);国家环保部行业项目(201309035-7);江苏省自主创新项目[cx(13)3039];太湖水污染治理招投标课题(JSZC-G2013-187)
作者单位E-mail
潘复燕 中国科学院南京土壤研究所, 南京 210008
中国科学院大学, 北京 100049 
 
薛利红 江苏省农业科学院, 南京 210014 njxuelihong@gmail.com 
卢萍 中国科学院南京土壤研究所, 南京 210008  
董元华 中国科学院南京土壤研究所, 南京 210008 yhdong@issas.ac.cn 
马资厚 南京农业大学, 南京 210095  
杨林章 江苏省农业科学院, 南京 210014  
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中文摘要:
      为探讨土壤添加剂对太湖流域面源污染控制的效果,采用盆栽试验,选用树脂、生物炭和硝化抑制剂作为供试材料,研究其单独施用、两两配施以及三者同时施用对冬小麦产量、氮磷养分吸收、氮磷径流渗漏损失和土壤养分的影响。研究结果表明:各添加剂处理均促进了小麦的地上部生物量,除单施树脂处理外,其他添加剂处理的产量都比施肥对照有所增加,增加幅度为13%~133%,以添加剂的两两配施效果较佳;各添加剂处理均促进了小麦对氮素的吸收,除单施树脂处理外,其余处理均提高了氮肥利用效率,以两两配施效果最为显着,显着高于施肥处理;与施肥对照相比,生物炭和硝化抑制剂的单施及配施均降低了径流和渗漏液中TN和TP浓度,减少麦季氮流失57%~71%、磷流失26%~46%,而有树脂施入的处理其氮磷损失量有所提高。综合比较得出,施化肥的同时配施生物炭和硝化抑制剂,可显着增加小麦产量(增产103%),氮肥农学效率和生理效率显着提高,整个麦季通过径流和渗漏损失的氮磷分别减少了68.8%和26.1%,值得在太湖流域麦田的面源污染控制上进一步应用。
英文摘要:
      Nutrients in leaching and in surface runoffs from farmland are the major causes of eutrophication in the aquatic ecosystems in the Tai Lake region. Applying soil additives may minimize nutrient losses from farmland during wheat cropping season in winter. A pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of resin, biochar and nitrification inhibitor alone and in combination on wheat yield and nitrogen and phosphorus losses in the Tai Lake region. Nine treatments with three replicates were designed, including no nitrogen fertilizer(NF), traditional fertilizer(SF), fertilizer+biochar(FT), fertilizer+resin(FZ), fertilizer+nitrification inhibitor(FX), fertilizer+nitrification inhibitor+biochar(FTX), fertilizer + nitrification inhibitor+resin(FZX), fertilizer+resin+biochar(FZT), fertilizer+nitrification inhibitor+biochar+resin(FZXT). Grain yield of and nitrogen(N) and phosphorus(P) assimilated by wheat, N and P losses through runoff and leaching, and soil nutrient status were measured. Results showed that all treatments with soil additives promoted wheat aboveground biomass, and increased grain yield by 13%~133%, compared with the SF treatment except the FZ treatment. Wheat-assimilated N was also enhanced in all the treatments with soil additives, thus improving fertilizer N use efficiency, except the FZ treatment. However, wheat-assimilated P was inhibited by soil additives; and fertilizer P use efficiency was thus decreased in all the treatments with soil additives. Applications of biochar and nitrification inhibitor alone or both can decrease the total nitrogen(TN) and total phosphorus(TP) concentrations in runoff and leaching water, thus reducing the N loss by 57%~71% and the P loss by 26%~46% in comparison with the control(SF). However, increased N and P losses were observed in the treatments with resin applied. After harvest, soil TN content was significantly increased by the applications of all additives except the FX, but soil TP didn't significantly change in all treatments. We conclude that applying biochar and nitrification inhibitor along with fertilizer can significantly improve wheat yield and N use efficiency while reducing 68.8% of N loss and 26.1% of P loss during the whole wheat growth period. Therefore, it is promising to apply soil amendments to control the non-point source pollution during wheat growing season in the Tai Lake region.
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