文章摘要
朱文彬,汪玉,王慎强,赵旭,卢亚男,程谊,司友斌.太湖流域典型稻麦轮作农田稻季不施磷的农学及环境效应探究[J].农业环境科学学报,2016,35(6):1129-1135.
太湖流域典型稻麦轮作农田稻季不施磷的农学及环境效应探究
Agronomic and environmental effects of P fertilization reduction in rice-wheat rotation field in Taihu Lake Region of Southeast China
投稿时间:2015-11-06  
DOI:10.11654/jaes.2016.06.015
中文关键词: 稻季不施磷  作物产量  磷肥利用率  土壤速效磷  径流总磷  经济效益
英文关键词: phosphorus fertilization for wheat only  crop yield  phosphorus utilization efficiency  soil Olsen-P  runoff TP  economic benefits
基金项目:国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)(2015CB150403);中科院战略性先导科技专项B(XDB15020402);国家科技支撑计划课题(2012BAD15B03);国家水专项课题(2012ZX07101-004);江苏省农业科技自主创新资金项目[CX(15)1004]
作者单位E-mail
朱文彬 安徽农业大学资源与环境学院, 合肥 230036
土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室, 中国科学院南京土壤研究所, 南京 210008 
 
汪玉 土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室, 中国科学院南京土壤研究所, 南京 210008  
王慎强 土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室, 中国科学院南京土壤研究所, 南京 210008 sqwang@issas.ac.cn 
赵旭 土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室, 中国科学院南京土壤研究所, 南京 210008  
卢亚男 土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室, 中国科学院南京土壤研究所, 南京 210008
南京农业大学理学院, 南京 210095 
 
程谊 土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室, 中国科学院南京土壤研究所, 南京 210008  
司友斌 安徽农业大学资源与环境学院, 合肥 230036 youbinsi@ahau.edu.cn 
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中文摘要:
      以太湖流域典型稻麦轮作农田为研究对象开展大田试验,通过设置稻麦季均施磷(PR+W,当前农民施肥习惯)、麦季施磷稻季不施磷(PW)、稻季施磷麦季不施磷(PR)以及稻麦季均不施磷(Pzero,对照)四种施磷处理,提出麦季施磷稻季不施磷(PW)的减磷措施。四年八季作物研究结果表明:与传统PR+W处理相比较,PW处理的作物籽粒和秸秆产量均无显著变化,但却提高磷肥利用率3.54%,同时降低土壤速效磷累积量10.5%~36.7%,减少径流总磷浓度12.0%。据此推算,如果一个稻季不施磷肥,太湖流域1.02×106 hm2水稻土四年可节约P2O5约 24万t,估算该流域每年可直接节约肥料投入成本3.06亿元。这表明采取麦季施磷稻季不施磷的减磷措施不仅能够保持稳产,而且可节约磷肥(磷矿)资源,降低水环境污染风险,具有农学、环境以及经济效益的三赢潜力。
英文摘要:
      Over-fertilization of phosphorus(P) fertilizers is a common practice in rice-wheat rotation fields in the Taihu Lake Region(TLR). In this study, a four-year field experiment of eight rice-wheat-growing seasons was conducted to explore the feasibility of omitting P application in rice season. Four different P regimes, including P fertilization for wheat season only(PW), P fertilization for rice season only(PR), P fertilization for both rice and wheat seasons(PR+W), and no P fertilization for both seasons(Pzero) as control, were designed. Compared with PR+W treatment, rice and wheat yields over 4 years did not show significant difference in PW treatment; but the concentrations of Olsen-P and total P in PW treatment declined by 10.5%~36.7% and 12.0%, respectively(P < 0.05), and the utilization efficiency of P fertilizer increased by 3.54%(P < 0.05). Based on the current price of superphosphate, 3.06 billion RMB per year could be saved in TLR. Therefore, the regime of omitting P fertilizer for rice season in rice-wheat rotation field has positive effects on agriculture, environment and economy, and is feasible for at least 4 years in TLR.
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