| The study on the offsetting mechanism of coastal wetland based on physical quantity is of great significance for promoting the ecological offsetting practice of coastal wetland, promoting the sustainable utilization of resources and biodiversity conservation. This study discusses in detail the theoretical framework and system of ecological offsetting based on physical quantity, including the definition, principle and characteristics, main offsetting methods and offsetting subjects and objects; Ecological offsetting based on physical quantity refers to the restoration of degraded habitat elsewhere (restoration offsets), or the protection of areas where there is imminent or projected loss of biodiversity (avoid-loss offsets), with the goal of achieving no net loss in terms of species composition, ecological structure, ecosystem function and related human use and cultural values of coastal wetland. The principle of offsetting is to make sure no net loss, feasibility and validity, stakeholder participation and fairness. It has the characteristics of additionality, long-term and uncompensable thresholds. Offsetting methods mainly include in-kind and out-of-kind offsets, restoration offsets and avoid-loss offsets, direct and indirect offsets, on-site and off-site offsets; and clarify the difference between ecological offsetting and ecological restoration. The concepts such as offset baseline and offset ratio were described in detail. An ecological offsetting mode with Chinese characteristics is proposed, and the damaged coastal wetland is included as the main offset object. Then put forward countermeasures and suggestions for the ecological offsetting of coastal wetlands in China, which is of great significance for the development of ecological restoration and ecological offsetting theory of coastal wetlands. |
