| 韩玲,高照琴,白军红,温晓君,张光亮,王伟.城市化背景下珠江三角洲典型湿地土壤多环芳烃(PAHs)的含量、来源与污染风险评价[J].农业环境科学学报,2019,38(3):609-617. |
| 城市化背景下珠江三角洲典型湿地土壤多环芳烃(PAHs)的含量、来源与污染风险评价 |
| PAHs in surface wetland soils of the Pearl River Delta affected by urbanization: Levels, sources, and toxic risks |
| 投稿时间：2018-12-06 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2018-1535 |
| 中文关键词: 珠江三角洲 湿地土壤 PAHs 来源 风险评价 |
| 英文关键词: Pearl River Delta wetland soils PAHs source risk assessment |
| 基金项目:北京师范大学学科交叉建设项目 |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 韩玲 | 水环境模拟国家重点实验室, 北京师范大学环境学院, 北京 100875 | | | 高照琴 | 水环境模拟国家重点实验室, 北京师范大学环境学院, 北京 100875
生态环境部环境发展中心, 北京 100029 | | | 白军红 | 水环境模拟国家重点实验室, 北京师范大学环境学院, 北京 100875 | junhongbai@163.com | | 温晓君 | 水环境模拟国家重点实验室, 北京师范大学环境学院, 北京 100875 | | | 张光亮 | 水环境模拟国家重点实验室, 北京师范大学环境学院, 北京 100875 | | | 王伟 | 水环境模拟国家重点实验室, 北京师范大学环境学院, 北京 100875 | |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 以我国珠江三角洲典型农村河流湿地（RRW）、城市河流湿地（URW）和人工湿地（CW）为研究对象，对比分析了湿地表层土壤中16种优控多环芳烃（PAHs）的含量、来源及毒性风险水平。结果表明，三类湿地表层土壤中16种∑PAHs的范围为625.0~789.2 ng·g-1，平均值为666.3 ng·g-1。∑PAHs含量的总体分布趋势为CW（736.4 ng·g-1） > RRW（639.3 ng·g-1） > URW（625.0 ng·g-1），其中RRW和URW以3-5环PAHs为主，三者的总比例占PAHs总量的81.42%和89.35%，CW中的2-5环PAHs含量均较高。三类湿地土壤的PAHs单体萘（Nap）、菲（Phe）和苯并[a]芘（Bap）含量较高，平均值分别为98.68 ng·g-1、109.8 ng·g-1和140.92 ng·g-1。同分异构体的比率揭示出CW和URW中的PAHs主要来源于以煤为主的化石燃料（包括煤炭、石油等）燃烧，而RRW中的PAHs则源自煤、石油燃烧和石油排放的混合源。与国内外其他区域相比，三类湿地的∑PAHs累积量均处于中高度污染，单体芴（Fle）则存在一定的生物毒性。基于苯并[a]芘的毒性当量浓度（∑TEQBap）和风险商值法评价了土壤PAHs的生态风险，结果表明三类湿地土壤均呈中等生态风险水平，呈现CW > RRW > URW的趋势，69%的单体（包括Bap、Phe等）处于中等风险水平，苯并[a]芘（Bap）的毒性当量浓度最高，贡献最大。城市化背景下的人类活动给珠江河口湿地带来的不同程度的环境污染不容忽视，应当采取一定的措施进行恢复和整治。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Surface soil samples (0~10 cm) from a typical rural river wetland (RRW), an urban river wetland (URW) and an artificial wetland (CW) in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) were collected and analyzed using GC-MS to investigate the contents, sources and toxic risk levels of 16 kinds of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in these three wetlands. The results showed that the contents of 16 PAHs in the three types of wetland soils ranged from 625.0 to 789.2 ng·g-1, with an average of 666.3 ng·g-1. The mean PAHs levels of three types of wetland soils followed the order CW (736.4 ng·g-1) > RRW (639.3 ng·g-1) > URW (625 ng·g-1), with higher percentages of 3, 4, and 5 ringed PAHs in RRW (81.42%) and URW (89.35%) soils and higher percentages of 2-4 ringed PAHs in CW soils. Among 16 kinds of PAHs, higher naphthalene (Nap), phenyl (Phe), and benzo[a] pyrene (Bap) contents were observed, with average values in the three types of wetlands being 98.68 ng·g-1, 109.8 ng·g-1 and 140.92 ng·g-1, respectively. The main sources of PAHs in CW and URW soils were derived from the combustion of coal-based fossil fuels (e.g., coal, oil, etc.), while in RRW soils, a mixed source of wood, oil, and other combustion and petroleum emissions was observed. According to the Maliszewska-Kordybach analysis method in the Netherlands, accumulations of PAHs in the three types of wetlands were all in the levels of moderate pollution, with some biotoxicity for fluorene (Fle). Ecological risks of PAHs were assessed using the soil benzo[a]pyrene (∑TEQBap) toxicity equivalent concentration and risk evaluation method for the commercial value of ecological risk of PAHs. The three kinds of wetland soils exhibited medium levels of ecological risks, following the order CW > RRW > URW, and 69% of the isomers (including the Bap, Phe, etc.) were at a medium risk level, while benzo[a]pyrene (Bap) toxicity equivalent concentration was the highest, with the biggest contribution to total toxicity equivalent concentration. The environmental pollution caused by human activities due to urbanization in the PRD cannot be ignored and certain measures should be taken for wetland recovery and remediation. |
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