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| 聚天门冬氨酸尿素对水稻产量及田面水氮素变化的综合影响 |
| Effects of polyaspartic acid urea on rice yield and nitrogen concentrations in the paddy field ponding water |
| 投稿时间：2020-02-26 修订日期：2020-03-26 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 聚天门冬氨酸/盐(PASP) 水稻产量 田面水氮素 灰色关联度法 |
| 英文关键词: polyaspartic-acid/salt (PASP) rice yield nitrogen of paddy surface water grey incidence analysis |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0800506)；中央引导地方科技发展专项(2019416031)Project supportedThe National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0800506);The National Goverrment Guiding Local Science and Technology Development Program(2019416031) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 【目的】为探究聚天门冬氨酸（PASP）尿素对水稻产量及田面水氮素变化的综合影响，【方法】本研究以聚天门冬氨酸钙盐（PASP-Ca）与尿素复配为供试材料，通过水稻大田试验研究基于减量施氮下PASP-Ca尿素对水稻生长、氮吸收利用及田面水氮素浓度变化的影响，并利用灰色关联度法评价PASP-Ca尿素的控污效果。【结果】结果表明，与常规施氮量处理相比，减量施氮处理降低了水稻田面水氮素浓度，尤其在施基肥、蘖肥后第1天，田面水TN浓度降低了12.70%、20.82%。减量施氮后，水稻产量增加了0.78%、氮累积吸收量增加了0.39%，氮肥表观利用率提高了29.54个百分点，差异不显著。减量施氮处理满足了水稻生长，节约了氮肥，保证了水稻稳产。基于减量施氮下，与常规尿素处理相比，各PASP-Ca尿素处理降低了田面水氮素浓度，尤其施基肥1~7天内，基、蘖和穗肥施氮比例50%、30%和20%处理的田面水NH4+-N浓度降低了24.94%~68.66%，其中第5、7天显著降低。施蘖肥1~7天内，基、蘖肥施氮比例80%、20%处理的田面水NH4+-N浓度降低了21.18%~51.3%。施用PASP-Ca尿素有利于水稻生长、养分吸收及产量提高，使水稻产量增加了0.87%~7.27%，氮累积吸收量增加了7.05%~35.2%和氮肥表观利用率提高了14.90~75.56个百分点，其中基、蘖肥施氮比例80%、20%处理的籽粒氮吸收量显著增加了30.08%，秸秆氮吸收量显著增加了46.27%和氮肥表观利用率显著提高了75.56个百分点。【结论】综合评价水稻产量、氮吸收量、氮肥利用率以及田面水氮素浓度，减量施氮处理效果优于常规施氮量，减量施用PASP-Ca尿素处理效果优于常规尿素，且最佳基、蘖肥施氮比例为80%和20%。田间应用效果有待进一步熟化验证。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To investigate the effects of polyaspartic-acid/salt (PASP) urea on rice yield and nitrogen(N) concentrations in the paddy field ponding water, a field experiment was conducted. We determined the effects of PASP-Ca urea on rice growth, N uptake and utilization and N concentrations in the paddy field ponding water. In addition, Grey Relational Analysis was used to evaluate the effects of PASP-Ca urea on the water pollution. The results showed that N concentrations of the field ponding water were less in the reduced N treatment than the conventional N treatment. Especially, TN concentrations were 12.70% and 20.82% lower in the reduced N treatment than the control at the 1st day after basal fertilization and topdressing. The reduction of N applictaion was beneficial to rice growth, with 0.78% higher yield, 0.39% higher cumulative N uptake, and 29.54 % higher N use efficiency (no significant difference). N concentrations of the field ponding water were lower in the PASP-Ca urea treatment than that in the conventional urea, with NH4+-N concentration decreased by 24.94%~68.66% (the N fertilization ratio of basal: tillering: panicle=5:3:2) and 21.18%~51.3% (the N fertilization ratio of basal: tillering =8:2) in the PASP-Ca urea treatment during one week after basal fertilization. The application of PASP-Ca urea was beneficial to rice growth, nutrient absorption and yield promotion, with 0.87%~7.27% higher yield, 7.05%~35.2% higher accumulated N uptake and 14.90%~75.56% higher N use efficiency compared to the control. Especially, the PASP-Ca urea treatment enhanced grain N uptake (30.08%), straw N absorption (46.27%) and N use efficiency (75.56%) under the N fertilization ratio of basal: tillering =8:2. Considering rice yield, N absorption rate of and N concentration in the paddy field ponding water, the reduced N application was more effective than conventional N application, and PASP-Ca urea treatment was better than conventional urea. Moreover, the optimal N application ratio of base fertilizer to tillering fertilizer was 80% and 20%, and the effect of field application needed to be further verified. |
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