| 刘平奇,张梦璇,王立刚,王迎春.深松秸秆还田措施对东北黑土土壤呼吸及有机碳平衡的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2020,39(5):1150-1160. |
| 深松秸秆还田措施对东北黑土土壤呼吸及有机碳平衡的影响 |
| Effects of subsoiling and straw return on soil respiration and soil organic carbon balance in black soil of northeast China |
| 投稿时间：2019-12-17 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2019-1387 |
| 中文关键词: 黑土 深松 秸秆还田 土壤呼吸 土壤有机碳平衡 |
| 英文关键词: black soil subsoiling straw returning soil respiration soil organic carbon balance |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（31770486）；国家重点研发计划项目（2017YFD0201801， 2017YFF0211700） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 针对我国东北黑土深松结合秸秆还田措施对土壤呼吸变化特征影响不清晰、土壤有机碳平衡不确定的问题，以东北典型黑土区——绥化市青冈县为例，开展了田间原位监测试验，研究了不同深松深度（深松25 cm、深松35 cm）结合不同秸秆还田（秸秆还田、秸秆不还田）处理对土壤呼吸（包括根呼吸）和土壤有机碳平衡的影响。结果表明：不同田间管理条件下，土壤呼吸速率呈现“先升高，后降低”，在7月中旬至8月初呼吸速率达到峰值的变化特征；各个生育期土壤累积呼吸量对总呼吸的贡献有所差别，其中以春玉米拔节期和吐丝期土壤呼吸对总呼吸贡献最大，分别占35.3%~41.2%和25.9%~31.9%。与农民习惯处理（不深松、秸秆不还田，FP）相比，深松结合秸秆还田处理提高了土壤呼吸速率并显著提高土壤呼吸累积量53.2%~108.0%（P<0.05）；FP处理土壤有机碳表现为入不敷出，土壤有机碳平衡值为-647 kg C·hm-2。单独深松处理（T1）土壤有机碳平衡表示为碳亏损，碳支出比FP高102.3%，有机碳损失最严重。单独秸秆还田处理（T2）、深松25 cm+秸秆还田处理（T3）和深松35 cm+秸秆还田处理（T4）较FP分别增加了土壤有机碳收入448.5%、477.7%和448.9%，土壤有机碳平衡均为正值，均能有效固存有机碳；与FP相比，深松和秸秆还田及两者结合的处理均能显著增加玉米产量13.8%~22.4%（P<0.05），达到12 t·hm-2高产水平。深松结合秸秆还田措施能有效增加土壤活性，提高作物产量，是东北黑土地力提升和有机碳固存的推荐田间管理技术。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Measures of subsoiling combined with straw return to the field in black soil of Northeast China that have no clear influence on the characteristics of soil respiration and the uncertainty of organic soil carbon balance. Qinggang County, Suihua City, a typical black soil area in the northeast was studied. In-situ monitoring experiments in large areas of the field were conducted, researching the effects of different subsoiling depths (subsoiling 25 cm, subsoiling 35 cm)combined with different straw returning (stalk returned to the field, straw not returned to the field)on soil respiration (including root respiration)and soil organic carbon balance. Results demonstrated that soil respiration was characterized by "Rising first, then decreasing", and the respiration rate peaked from mid-July to early August. The contribution of soil cumulative respiration to total respiration varied during each growth period. Among them, spring maize soil respiration contributed the most to total respiration during jointing and silking, accounting for 35.3%~41.2% and 25.9%~31.9%, respectively. Compared with farmers' customary measure (without subsoil and straw return; FP), subsoiling combined with straw return to the field improved soil respiration rate and significantly increased soil respiration accumulation by 53.2%~108.0% (P<0.05). Organic carbon in the soil was insufficient for the needs of farmers using customary measure (without subsoil and straw return; FP)when the soil organic carbon balance was -647 kg C·hm-2. The soil organic carbon balance of the separate subsoiling measure (T1)was expressed as carbon expenditure, which is 102.3% higher than FP, and organic carbon losses were the largest. Separate straw returning measure (T2), subsoiling 25 cm+straw return measure (T3) and subsoiling 35 cm+straw return measure (T4)all effectively sequestered organic carbon, and the soil organic carbon balance was all positive, which increased by 448.5%, 477.7%, and 448.9% of the soil organic carbon income respectively compared with FP; subsoil and straw return to the field and two methods combined could increase corn yield by 13.8%~22.4% significantly (P<0.05), reaching a high yield level of 12 t·hm-2. Subsoiling combined with straw return can effectively increase soil activity and increase crop yield. It is a recommended field management technology for the improvement of black soil power and organic carbon storage in Northeast China. |
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