| 串丽敏,郑怀国,王爱玲,赵静娟,颜志辉,齐世杰.京津冀化肥投入特征与污染防控对策研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2021,40(1):54-61. |
| 京津冀化肥投入特征与污染防控对策研究 |
| Chemical fertilizer input characteristics, pollution prevention and control measures in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, China |
| 投稿时间：2020-06-30 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2020-0737 |
| 中文关键词: 京津冀 化肥 污染防控 单位面积施肥量 |
| 英文关键词: Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei chemical fertilizer pollution prevention and control fertilization rate per unit area |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2016YFD0200103）；北京市社会科学基金项目（18GLC048）；北京市农林科学院创新专项（KJCX20200403，KJCX20200203） |
|
| 摘要点击次数: 1285 |
| 全文下载次数: 1553 |
| 中文摘要: |
| 为有效缓解京津冀区域种植业化肥源污染，亟需摸清其投入现状及存在问题，提出减施增效的污染防控对策。基于统计数据和实地调查数据，从宏观层面分析2010—2018年期间，北京市、天津市、河北省氮、磷、钾肥和复合肥（折纯量，下同）投入变化、京津冀区域化肥使用总量（氮、磷、钾和复合肥总折纯量，下同）变化、单位面积施用量变化以及施肥行为等特征。结果显示，2010—2018年期间京津冀区域的化肥施用量以2014年为转折点，呈现先逐年增加后转为下降趋势，2018年降至336.65万t。氮肥和复合肥是主要的肥料品种。2010—2018年期间N、P2O5用量整体呈下降趋势，2013年以后K2O用量由升转降，复合肥用量总体呈现上升趋势。2018年N、P2O5、K2O和复合肥施用量分别为123.12万、26.34万、25.70万t和161.50万t。北京市单位面积化肥施用量由2010年的358.45 kg·hm-2提高到2017年的504.03 kg·hm-2，增幅为40.61%。2018年降至485.58 kg·hm-2，下降了18.45 kg·hm-2。天津市单位面积化肥施用量呈明显下降趋势，从2010年的516.51 kg·hm-2下降到2018年的370.16 kg·hm-2，减少了28.33%。河北省单位面积化肥施用量维持在330.07~360.11 kg·hm-2，总体变化较为平缓。京津冀地区整体单位面积化肥施用量为339.72~363.73 kg·hm-2，平均348.66 kg·hm-2。北京市、天津市单位面积化肥施用量明显高于全国平均水平，河北省单位面积化肥施用量接近全国平均水平。综上，2010—2018年期间，京津冀化肥投入呈现先升高后降低趋势。单位面积化肥施用量偏高，存在下调空间。北京市单位面积化肥施用量呈现增加趋势，更为值得关注。针对京津冀化肥投入存在的问题，文章提出了化肥减施增效的污染防控对策。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To effectively alleviate pollution from agricultural non-point sources in Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei(abbreviated as "BeijingTianjin-Hebei region"), it is necessary to evaluate the present situation and existing problems related to chemical fertilizer inputs in agriculture. The study analyzed the characteristics of the total inputs of different chemical fertilizers in Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, as well as collectively in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region during 2010-2018, and provided suggestions for reducing fertilizer use and increasing nutrient use efficiency. The results showed that the total quantity of chemical fertilizers applied(N+P2O5+K2O, converted into pure content) in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region increased every year before 2014, and then decreased to 3.366 5×106 t thousand tons in 2018. Nitrogen fertilizers(N)and compound fertilizers were the two major fertilizer varieties used. In detail, the overall application of N and phosphorus fertilizers(P2O5)showed a declining trend, that of potassium fertilizers(K2O)decreased after 2013, and that of compound fertilizers exhibited an upward trend. The application quantities for N, P2O5, K2O, and compound fertilizers were 1.231 2×106, 2.634×105, 2.570×105, and 1.615 0×106 tons in 2018, respectively. The application rate of chemical fertilizer per unit area in Beijing increased from 358.45 kg·hm-2 in 2010 to 504.03 kg·hm-2(40.61%)in 2017. In 2018, it decreased to 485.58 kg·hm-2, a reduction of 18.45 kg·hm-2. The application rate of chemical fertilizer per unit area in Tianjin exhibited an obvious reducing trend, from 516.51 kg·hm-2 in 2010 to 370.16 kg·hm-2(28.33%)in 2018. The application rate of chemical fertilizers per unit area in the Hebei Province was maintained between 330.07~360.11 kg·hm-2, and the overall change was relatively negligible. The collective application rate of chemical fertilizer per unit area in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region was 339.72~363.73 kg·hm-2, with an average of 348.66 kg·hm-2. Additionally, the application rates of chemical fertilizers per unit area in Beijing and Tianjin were significantly higher than the national average, while the value was close to the national average in the Hebei Province. In general, chemical fertilizer inputs in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region tended to increase initially, and then reduced, and the application rates per unit area were high, especially in Beijing. There remains scope for downward adjustment. In view of the problems related to chemical fertilizer inputs in Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei, this paper puts forth certain measures for reducing fertilizer application and increasing nutrient use efficiency. |
| HTML
查看全文
查看/发表评论 下载PDF阅读器 |
|
|
|
