文章摘要
侯坤,荣湘民,韩磊,潘治宇,彭建伟,张玉平,谢桂先,田昌,韩永亮.速效氮与缓控释氮配比一次性侧深施对双季稻产量、氮素利用率及氮素损失的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2021,40(9):1923-1934.
速效氮与缓控释氮配比一次性侧深施对双季稻产量、氮素利用率及氮素损失的影响
Effects of one-time deep application of available nitrogen and slow and controlled-release nitrogen on rice yield, nitrogen use efficiency, and nitrogen loss
投稿时间:2021-03-11  
DOI:10.11654/jaes.2021-0290
中文关键词: 双季稻  侧深施肥  速效氮  缓控释氮  产量  氮素损失  氮素利用率
英文关键词: double-cropping rice  side deep fertilization  available nitrogen  controlled-release nitrogen  yield  nitrogen loss  nitrogen use efficiency
基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0800501);湖南省教育厅创新平台开放基金项目(19K046);湖南省自然科学基金青年项目(2019JJ50233)
作者单位E-mail
侯坤 湖南农业大学资源环境学院, 土壤肥料资源高效利用国家工程实验室, 长沙 410128  
荣湘民 湖南农业大学资源环境学院, 土壤肥料资源高效利用国家工程实验室, 长沙 410128  
韩磊 湖南农业大学资源环境学院, 土壤肥料资源高效利用国家工程实验室, 长沙 410128  
潘治宇 湖南农业大学资源环境学院, 土壤肥料资源高效利用国家工程实验室, 长沙 410128  
彭建伟 湖南农业大学资源环境学院, 土壤肥料资源高效利用国家工程实验室, 长沙 410128  
张玉平 湖南农业大学资源环境学院, 土壤肥料资源高效利用国家工程实验室, 长沙 410128  
谢桂先 湖南农业大学资源环境学院, 土壤肥料资源高效利用国家工程实验室, 长沙 410128  
田昌 湖南农业大学资源环境学院, 土壤肥料资源高效利用国家工程实验室, 长沙 410128  
韩永亮 湖南农业大学资源环境学院, 土壤肥料资源高效利用国家工程实验室, 长沙 410128 xiaohliang@163.com 
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中文摘要:
      为探究在机插同步一次性侧深施肥作业方式下的速效氮与缓控释氮合理配比,保证水稻产量,提高肥料利用率,降低氮素流失,实现水稻的清洁化生产,采用田间小区试验,设置7个处理,分别为CK:不施肥,T1:农民习惯施肥(施N量早稻150 kg·hm-2,晚稻165 kg·hm-2),T2~T6:机插同步一次性侧深施肥(施N量早稻105 kg·hm-2,晚稻132 kg·hm-2),其中T2~T6处理的缓控释氮分别占总氮的0%、10%、20%、30%、40%。结果表明:在早稻季,各处理间产量差异不显著;晚稻季,T3~T5处理的产量间差异不显著,T6处理产量显著低于T4和T5处理;与T1处理相比,T2~T6处理的氮肥吸收利用率提高了8.08~14.10 (早稻)个和6.68~26.61(晚稻)个百分点。与T2处理相比,早、晚稻T3~T6处理氨挥发累积量分别降低了5.20%~38.20%、29.41%~35.60%,田面水总氮平均浓度下降了20.90%~38.22%、7.39%~29.14%,田面水铵态氮平均浓度降低了26.26%~46.09%、42.57%~45.61%,其中T4处理早、晚稻不减产,肥料吸收利用率达到37.93%(早稻)、61.32%(晚稻),氨挥发累积量、田面水总氮平均浓度和铵态氮平均浓度分别下降37.00%、30.48%、31.88%(早稻),35.58%、12.88%、52.58%(晚稻),综合效果最好。研究表明,在湖南双季稻生产中,采用机插同步一次性侧深施肥作业方式,缓控释氮占总氮的20%较为合适。
英文摘要:
      The purpose of this study was to explore the reasonable ratio of available nitrogen to slow/controlled-release nitrogen under the one-time side deep fertilization mode of machine insertion synchronization to improve the fertilizer utilization rate, reduce nitrogen loss, and realize clean production of rice while obtaining a stable rice yield. A field plot experiment was conducted with the seven following treatments, CK:no fertilization; T1:conventional fertilization[N rate:150 kg ·hm-2(early rice), 165 kg ·hm-2(late rice)]; and T2~T6:simultaneous machine-planting and one-side deep fertilization[N application rate:105 kg·hm-2(early rice), 132 kg·hm-2(late rice)], for which slow and controlled-release nitrogen accounted for 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% of the total nitrogen, respectively. The effects of deep application of different ratios of available nitrogen and slow-release nitrogen on the double-cropping rice yield, fertilizer use efficiency, and nitrogen loss were explored. In the early rice season, the yield difference among the treatments was not significant, whereas in the late rice season, the yield difference among treatments T3~T5 was not significant. The yield of treatment T6 was significantly lower than that of treatments T4 and T5. Compared with those of treatment T1, the absorption and utilization rates of treatments T2~T6 increased by 8.08~14.10 percent points(early rice) and 6.68~26.61 percent points(late rice), respectively. For early and late rice, compared with that of treatment T2, the cumulative amount of ammonia volatilization of treatments T3~T6 decreased by 5.20%~38.20% and 29.41%~35.60%, respectively, and the average concentration of total nitrogen in the field water decreased by 20.90%~38.22% and 7.39%~29.14%, respectively. The average concentration of ammonium nitrogen in the surface water of approximately decreased by 26.26%~46.09% and 42.57%~45.61%, respectively. Treatment T4 did not reduce the yields of early and late rice, and the fertilizer absorption efficiency reached 37.93%(early rice) and 61.32%(late rice). The cumulative amount of ammonia volatilization, the average concentration of total nitrogen in the field water, and the average concentration of ammonium nitrogen decreased by 37.00%, 30.48%, and 31.88% for early rice and by 35.58%, 12.88%, and 52.58% for late rice, respectively; thus, the overall effects were the best. The synchronous one-time side deep fertilization method is suitable for the production of double-cropping rice in Hunan Province, and slow/controlled-release nitrogen should account for 20% of the total nitrogen.
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