红树林退化对微塑料表面细菌群落特征的影响

李大圳; 章宇晴; 付茜茜; 陈海鹰; 邓惠; 葛成军

文章摘要

李大圳,章宇晴,付茜茜,陈海鹰,邓惠,葛成军.红树林退化对微塑料表面细菌群落特征的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2023,42(2):299-309.

红树林退化对微塑料表面细菌群落特征的影响

Effects of mangrove degradation on the characteristics of bacterial communities colonizing microplastics

投稿时间：2022-07-06

DOI：10.11654/jaes.2022-0690

中文关键词: 微塑料退化红树林微生物群落生态功能

英文关键词: microplastic degraded mangrove ecosystem microbial community ecological function

基金项目:海南省重点研发计划项目（ZDYF2022SHFZ025）；海南省自然科学基金高层次人才项目（421RC484）；海南大学科研基金项目（KYQD（ZR）-22079）

作者	单位	E-mail
李大圳	海南省农林环境过程与生态调控重点实验室, 海口 570228 四川大学建筑与环境学院, 成都 610065 海南大学生态与环境学院, 海口 570228
章宇晴	海南省农林环境过程与生态调控重点实验室, 海口 570228 海口市环境毒理学重点实验室, 海口 570228 海南大学生态与环境学院, 海口 570228
付茜茜	海南省农林环境过程与生态调控重点实验室, 海口 570228 海口市环境毒理学重点实验室, 海口 570228 海南大学生态与环境学院, 海口 570228
陈海鹰	海南清石环境工程技术有限公司, 海口 571199
邓惠	海南省农林环境过程与生态调控重点实验室, 海口 570228 海口市环境毒理学重点实验室, 海口 570228 海南大学生态与环境学院, 海口 570228	huid88@163.com
葛成军	海南省农林环境过程与生态调控重点实验室, 海口 570228 海口市环境毒理学重点实验室, 海口 570228 海南大学生态与环境学院, 海口 570228	cjge3007@163.com

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中文摘要:

为探讨红树林系统中微塑料（Microplastics，MPs）对微生物的生态效应，以及微生物在红树林持续退化中发挥的作用，以海南省东寨港红树林自然保护区为研究区域，以正常和退化的红树林为研究对象，以红树林区普遍存在的聚乙烯（Polyethylene，PE）为目标MPs，采用野外原位暴露试验，借助高通量测序技术，比较分析短期和长期暴露后PE-MPs表面细菌群落的结构和功能多样性特征。结果表明：暴露时间会显著影响红树林区PE-MPs表面细菌群落的丰富度和多样性，而红树林退化对其没有显著影响。变形菌门、放线菌门、拟杆菌门和绿弯菌门是定殖在PE-MPs表面的主要菌门，其相对丰度介于（0.87%±0.04%）~（91.98%±4.60%）之间。PE-MPs表面定殖的主要细菌群落组成及其功能与暴露时间和暴露位点紧密相关。短期暴露时，退化和正常红树林区PE-MPs表面的主要功能群为碳代谢相关功能群[相对丰度为（27.37%±1.37%）~（29.02%±1.45%）]，而长期暴露后正常和退化红树林区PE-MPs表面的主要菌属及功能群呈现出明显的差异。长期暴露后正常红树林区PE-MPs表面拥有丰度更高的碳代谢相关功能群（47.24%±2.36%），其中化合物降解功能群（17.87%±0.89%）是其重要组成部分，这可能与其表面高丰度的食烷菌属（14.76%±0.74%）等烃类降解菌有关。而退化红树林区PE-MPs表面与硫循环相关的功能群丰度（39.78%±1.99%）显著提高，可能与其表面更丰富的硫氧化菌和硫酸盐还原菌（32.80%±1.64%）有关。研究表明，时间效应下红树林退化影响着PE-MPs表面定殖的细菌群落的结构，进而改变了其表面菌落对生态功能的响应特征。

英文摘要:

To investigate the ecological effects of microplastics(MPs) on microorganisms in mangrove ecosystems and the role of microorganisms in the continuous degradation of mangrove ecosystems, the Dongzhaigang Mangrove Nature Reserve in Hainan Province was selected as the research area in this study. The undegraded and degraded mangrove ecosystems were selected as the research objects. Polyethylene(PE), one of the most common MPs in mangrove ecosystems, was used as the target MPs. In situ exposure experiments and high-throughput sequencing techniques were used to analyze the structure and functional diversity of bacterial communities on the surface of PE-MPs after short- and long-term exposure. The results showed that exposure time significantly affected the richness and diversity of bacterial communities on PE-MPs in mangrove ecosystems, while mangrove degradation had no significant effect. Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Chloroflexi were the dominant bacterial communities colonizing the surface of PE-MPs, with their relative abundance ranging from(0.87%±0.04%) to(91.98%±4.60%). The composition and function of the main bacterial communities colonizing the surface of PE-MPs were closely related to the exposure time and the exposure site. During the short-term exposure, the main ecological functional groups of PE-MPs in degraded and undegraded mangrove ecosystems were related to carbon metabolism[relative abundance was(27.37% ±1.37%) -(29.02% ±1.45%)]. After long-term exposure, the key bacteria and their functional groups showed significant differences between PE-MPs in undegraded and degraded mangrove ecosystems. After long-term exposure, PE-MPs in the undegraded mangrove ecosystem had a higher abundance of carbon metabolism groups(47.24% ±2.36%), among which the compound degradation functional group(17.87%±0.89%) was an important component, which may be related to the high abundance of Alcanivorax (14.76%±0.74%) and other hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria on the surface of PE-MPs. The abundance of functional groups related to the sulfur cycle was significantly higher(39.78% ±1.99%) on the surface of PE-MPs in the degraded mangrove ecosystem, which may be related to the high abundance of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria and sulfate-reducing bacteria(32.80%±1.64%) on the surface of PE-MPs. The results show that mangrove degradation affects the composition of bacterial communities on the surface of PE-MPs over time, further influencing the response of microbial colonization to ecological functions.

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