| 张天旭,孙金生,张秋英,凌郡鸿,闫振广,何欢祺.中美淡水生物对氨氮的物种敏感度对比分析[J].农业环境科学学报,2019,38(1):184-192. |
| 中美淡水生物对氨氮的物种敏感度对比分析 |
| Analysis of sensitivity distribution to ammonia of freshwater species from China and USA |
| 投稿时间：2018-04-08 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2018-0454 |
| 中文关键词: 河蚬 中华圆田螺 物种敏感度分布 水生生物 氨氮 |
| 英文关键词: Corbicula fluminea Cipangopaludina cahayensis species sensitivity distribution water quality criteria ammonia |
| 基金项目:水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项（2017ZX07301002-01，2015ZX07202012） |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 张天旭 | 天津市动植物抗性重点实验室, 天津师范大学生命科学学院, 天津 300387
中国环境科学研究院, 环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室, 北京 100012 | | | 孙金生 | 天津市动植物抗性重点实验室, 天津师范大学生命科学学院, 天津 300387 | jssun1965@aliyun.com | | 张秋英 | 中国环境科学研究院, 环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室, 北京 100012 | | | 凌郡鸿 | 中国环境科学研究院, 环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室, 北京 100012 | | | 闫振广 | 中国环境科学研究院, 环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室, 北京 100012 | | | 何欢祺 | 中国环境科学研究院, 环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室, 北京 100012 | |
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| 摘要点击次数: 2009 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 参照美国水生生物基准制定技术指南，搜集、筛选了氨氮对我国和美国淡水水生生物（包括鱼类、溞类和贝类等）的急性和慢性毒性数据，并补充开展了氨氮对我国本土贝类——河蚬和中华圆田螺的急性毒性试验，统一将氨氮毒性数据调整至标准水质条件下（T=20℃，pH=7.0），对中美淡水生物对氨氮的物种敏感性进行了比较，计算了中美氨氮水质急性基准阈值。结果表明：我国物种相比美国物种对氨氮的敏感性整体较弱，但标准水质条件下中美两国的氨氮基准阈值接近（中国为0.84 mg·L-1，美国为0.79 mg·L-1）。贝类在各淡水生物类群中对氨氮的物种敏感性最高，大致排序为贝类 > 鱼类 > 溞类，我国鱼类和贝类的敏感性比美国相对较弱，溞类差异不明显。贝类幼体对氨氮的敏感性远高于成体，建议氨氮基准研究中使用贝类幼体进行测试。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Species sensitivity analysis is important for the establishment of water quality criteria(WQC). According to the United States technical guidelines for the development of aquatic life, acute and chronic toxicity data of ammonia to freshwater species(including fish, daphnia, and shellfish) in China and the USA were collected. Ammonia toxicity tests for local mollusks, Corbicula fluminea and Cipangopaludina cahayensis were performed. The ammonia toxicity data were all normalized to the baseline condition(T=20℃, pH=7.0) and the species sensitivity distribution was compared between China and the USA. The acute ammonia criteria of China and the USA were calculated. The results showed that:The overall Chinese species sensitivity to ammonia was weaker than those from the USA. However, the difference of ammonia WQC under baseline conditions between China and the USA was small(China:0.84 mg·L-1; USA:0.79 mg·L-1). Mollusks have the highest species sensitivity to ammonia of all freshwater species, in the order of mollusks > fishes > daphnia. The species sensitivity of fishes and shellfishes of China was weaker than that of the USA, whereas the differences in daphnia were not significant. In addition, shellfish larvae were more sensitive to ammonia than adults. Thus, toxicity data of mollusk larvae should be prioritized for the development of ammonia criteria. |
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