| 崔虎,王莉霞,欧洋,阎百兴,韩露,李迎新,姜珊.生物炭-化肥配施对稻田土壤氮磷迁移转化的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2019,38(2):412-421. |
| 生物炭-化肥配施对稻田土壤氮磷迁移转化的影响 |
| Effect of the combined application of biochar and chemical fertilizer on the migration and transformation of nitrogen and phosphorus in paddy soil |
| 投稿时间：2018-04-19 修订日期：2018-07-03 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2018-0515 |
| 中文关键词: 生物炭 氮 磷 脲酶 磷酸酶 输出负荷 |
| 英文关键词: biochar nitrogen phosphorus urease phosphatase output load |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（41771505，41571480）；吉林省科技发展计划项目（20150204046SF） |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 崔虎 | 中国科学院湿地生态与环境重点实验室, 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所, 长春 130102
中国科学院大学, 北京 101408 | | | 王莉霞 | 中国科学院湿地生态与环境重点实验室, 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所, 长春 130102 | lxwang@iga.ac.cn | | 欧洋 | 中国科学院湿地生态与环境重点实验室, 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所, 长春 130102 | | | 阎百兴 | 中国科学院湿地生态与环境重点实验室, 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所, 长春 130102 | | | 韩露 | 吉林大学地球科学学院, 长春 130061 | | | 李迎新 | 中国科学院湿地生态与环境重点实验室, 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所, 长春 130102
中国科学院大学, 北京 101408 | | | 姜珊 | 齐齐哈尔大学理学院, 黑龙江 齐齐哈尔 161006 | |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 在控制外源氮输入量相同的前提下，通过设置不同梯度生物炭配施量[N1+B0（磷酸氢二铵750 kg·hm-2）；N2+B5（磷酸氢二铵583 kg·hm-2+生物炭5000 kg·hm-2）；N3+B10（磷酸氢二铵416 kg·hm-2+生物炭10 000 kg·hm-2）；N0+B20（生物炭20 000 kg·hm-2）]，探讨无机肥减量配施生物炭对土壤氮、磷动态变化的影响。结果表明：4种处理土壤NH4+-N和TP浓度均呈单峰变化趋势，分别于施肥后第9 d（NH4+-N）、25 d（TP：N0+B20、N1+B0）和55 d（TP：N2+B5、N3+B10）达到峰值；N2+B5和N3+B10处理土壤NO3--N浓度呈双峰变化趋势，于施肥后第10 d和55 d达到峰值，而N0+B20和N1+B0处理土壤NO3--N浓度施肥初期（1~10 d）基本保持稳定状态，之后缓慢下降至稳定水平；N1+B0处理土壤TN浓度在施肥后1~55 d内缓慢下降，此后呈单峰变化趋势，于施肥后第85 d达到峰值；N2+B5、N3+B10和N0+B20处理土壤TN浓度呈双峰变化趋势，分别于施肥后的第9 d和85 d达到峰值。与单施无机肥N1+B0处理比较，配施生物炭N2+B5、N3+B10和N0+B20处理土壤TN和TP浓度分别提高了11.1%、33.3%、11.1%和40.0%、40.0%、40.0%，土壤脲酶和磷酸酶活性分别提高了25.0%、30.0%、10.0%和9.76%、18.3%、15.9%，表明生物炭较化肥具有更持久肥效。施肥初期，配施生物炭可提高土壤氮磷比；水稻成熟期，配施生物炭处理田面水氮磷比显著高于单施无机肥处理，能够持续地给水稻提供营养。N3+B10处理下水田面源污染物NO3--N、NH4+-N、TN和TP的输出负荷分别降低了29.6%、48.1%、49.7%和50.0%，是较适合东北黑土区水田的施肥方式。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of the application of a combination of biochar and diammonium phosphate ([NH4)2HPO4] on the migration and transformation of nitrogen and phosphorus in paddy soil when the same amount of nitrogen was added. The treatments conducted for this study were N1+B0 ([NH4)2HPO4 750 kg·hm-2], N2+B5 ([NH4)2HPO4 583 kg·hm-2 + biochar 5000 kg·hm-2], N3+B10 ([NH4)2HPO4 416 kg·hm-2 + biochar 10 000 kg·hm-2], and N0+B20 (biochar 20 000 kg·hm-2). The results showed that the concentration of NH4+-N in soil for all four treatments peaked on day 9, and the total phosphorus (TP)concentration peaked on day 25 for the N0+B20 and N1+B0 treatments and on day 55 for the N2+B5 and N3+B10 treatments after fertilization. The concentration of NO3--N in soil with the N2+B5 and N3+B10 treatments presented a bimodal variation, peaking on days 10 and 55, whereas that with the N0+B20 and N1+B0 treatments remained steady during the early stages, days 1~10, and then gradually decreased to a stable level. The concentration of total nitrogen (TN)with the N1+B0 treatment slowly decreased during days 1~55 after fertilization, and then showed a unimodal trend with a peak value on day 85, whereas that with the N2+B5, N3+B10, and N0+B20 treatments showed a double-peak trend, peaking on days 9 and 85. Compared with the N1+B0 treatment, the concentration of TN and TP, urease and phosphatase activity in soil treated with biochar application treatments of N2+B5, N3+B10, and N0+B20 increased by 11.1%, 33.3%, 11.1% and 40.0%, 40.0%, 40.0%; 25.0%, 30.0%, 10.0% and 9.76%, 18.3%, 15.9%, respectively, indicating that biochar had a more sustained fertilizer effect than chemical fertilizer alone. At the beginning of fertilization, application of biochar could increase the ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus (N/P)in soil and reduce the outputs of N and P from paddy fields. At the rice maturation stage, biochar application increased the ratio of N/P in the field surface water. The output loads of NO3--N, NH4+-N, TN, and TP in surface water with the N3+B10 treatment decreased by 29.6%, 48.1%, 49.7%, and 50.0%, respectively, in comparison with the N1+B0 treatment, indicating that it is a suitable fertilization strategy for paddy fields in the black soil region of Northeast China. |
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