文章摘要
刘仲齐,张长波,黄永春.水稻各器官镉阻控功能的研究进展[J].农业环境科学学报,2019,38(4):721-727.
水稻各器官镉阻控功能的研究进展
Research advance on the functions of rice organs in cadmium inhibition: A review
投稿时间:2019-02-28  
DOI:10.11654/jaes.2019-0213
中文关键词: 水稻    营养器官  阻控机理  分布特征
英文关键词: rice  cadmium  vegetative organs  inhibition mechanism  distribution characteristics
基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0801100);中国农科院科技创新工程项目(CAAS-XTCX2016018)
作者单位
刘仲齐 农业农村部产地环境质量重点实验室, 农业农村部环境保护科研监测所, 天津 300191 
张长波 农业农村部产地环境质量重点实验室, 农业农村部环境保护科研监测所, 天津 300191 
黄永春 农业农村部产地环境质量重点实验室, 农业农村部环境保护科研监测所, 天津 300191 
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中文摘要:
      土壤镉(Cd)污染是引起稻米镉污染的重要因素,但二者之间并非简单的线性关系。本文围绕植物根系、茎叶、穗轴和稻谷对Cd的拦截作用及其调控机理进行综述,表明:在长期的自然进化过程中,水稻的根茎叶组织和穗轴、颖壳、果皮、种皮等组织具备了识别必需元素和有害元素的特殊功能,能够把大量的Cd固定在营养体的细胞壁中,或封存在液泡中。经过各类细胞的层层拦截,只有极少数的Cd汇聚到穗轴中,穗轴中的Cd浓度与稻米中的Cd含量高度线性相关。籽粒灌浆成熟后,Cd主要分布在颖壳和富含蛋白质的糊粉层与胚中,淀粉中的Cd含量最低。水稻根系和节是Cd含量最高的营养器官。通过栽培措施和遗传调控,发掘和利用营养器官对Cd的拦截潜力和过滤功能,有助于降低稻米Cd污染风险。
英文摘要:
      Cadmium (Cd) contamination in farmlands is an important factor causing rice cadmium pollution, but there is not a simple linear relationship between them. During the long process of natural evolution, rice organs including root, leaf, spike, glume, pericarp, seed coat and others have evolved the special function to discriminate essential elements from harmful ones. A large amount of cadmium is fixed in the cell walls of vegetative organs or compartmentalized in vacuoles. After many interceptions from miscellaneous cells, only a small amount of cadmium flows into the spike rachises. Cadmium concentration in rachises is positively and linearly correlated with cadmium content in rice grains. After grain filling and maturation, cadmium is mainly distributed in glume, aleurone layer and embryo with high protein. Starch has the lowest content of cadmium in grains. Rice roots and nodes have much higher cadmium concentration than other organs. There is a great potential in reducing the risk of cadmium pollution in rice grains by exploring the interception and filtration function of vegetative organs to cadmium through cultivation measures and genetic manipulation.
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