| 徐云强,苏保林,王红旗,乔飞,雷坤,何璟嫕,李丽芬.太湖流域直播水稻田水量平衡分析与径流污染负荷研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2019,38(4):892-902. |
| 太湖流域直播水稻田水量平衡分析与径流污染负荷研究 |
| Analysis of water balance and runoff pollution in a paddy field with direct seeding cultivation in-situ in the Taihu Lake Basin, China |
| 投稿时间：2018-06-30 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2018-0845 |
| 中文关键词: 水稻田 蒸散发和渗漏损失 水量平衡 径流污染 输出系数 |
| 英文关键词: paddy field evapotranspiration and infiltration water balance runoff pollution export coefficient |
| 基金项目:国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项（2017ZX07301-003）；国家自然科学基金项目（41772234） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为准确、方便地分析水稻田水量平衡关系及研究水稻田非点源污染负荷，本文采用基于降雨-水位原位观测方法（方法一）和基于降雨-水位的灌溉、产流识别方法（方法二）对太湖流域直播试验水稻田进行水量平衡分析和径流污染负荷计算。通过水稻田水位变化数据计算得到水稻田生长季总蒸散发和渗漏损失为1 087.2 mm。根据水量平衡原理，方法一、方法二计算的水量亏损值分别为18.1、81.8 mm，分别占入流总量的1.4%和6.0%，方法一在试验点水稻田水量平衡分析中更准确。应用方法一计算得到水稻田灌溉水量为866.9 mm，入流总量为1 330.6 mm，径流总量为303.2 mm。两种方法计算的灌溉水量相近，方法二可用于灌溉水量的对比分析。水稻田径流污染负荷计算中，应用方法一计算得到TN、TP输出系数为9.18、0.45 kg·hm-2，在合理的范围内。应用方法一进行水稻田水量平衡分析和非点源污染负荷核算具有较好的准确性和适应性。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to accurately and conveniently analyze water balance and non-point source pollution in paddy fields, two research methods were implemented in the experimental paddy field with direct seeding cultivation in the Taihu Lake Basin. The two methods were the "in-situ method based on synchronous observation of precipitation and water depth" (method one) and "identification method of irrigation and runoff based on synchronous observation of precipitation and water depth" (method two). The results obtained were as follows. The total evapotranspiration and infiltration (E+F) loss from the field during the growing period of paddy was 1 087.2 mm, based on the water depth variation data. According to the principle of water balance, the water deficits calculated by methods one and two were 18.1 mm and 81.8 mm, which accounted for 1.4% and 6.0% of the total inflow volume, respectively. Method one was more accurate for water balance analysis. The irrigation volume of the paddy field calculated by method one was 866.9 mm, the total inflow volume was 1 330.6 mm, and the total runoff volume was 303.2 mm. The irrigation volume calculated by method two could be used for comparison with method one. The export coefficients of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) calculated by method one were 9.18 kg·hm-2 and 0.45 kg·hm-2, respectively, which were within a reasonable range. This indicated that method one could be applied for accurate and reliable water balance and non-point source pollution analyses in paddy fields. |
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