黄土台塬不同林型土壤主要温室气体通量特征

张杰; 刘梦云; 张萌萌; 杨静涵; 曹润珊

文章摘要

张杰,刘梦云,张萌萌,杨静涵,曹润珊.黄土台塬不同林型土壤主要温室气体通量特征[J].农业环境科学学报,2019,38(4):944-956.

黄土台塬不同林型土壤主要温室气体通量特征

Characteristics of soil greenhouse gas fluxes under different forest types in the Loess Plateau tableland, China

投稿时间：2018-06-26

DOI：10.11654/jaes.2018-0826

中文关键词: 纯林混交林温室气体环境因子黄土台塬

英文关键词: pure forest mixed forest greenhouse gas environmental factors Loess Plateau tableland

基金项目:陕西省自然科学基础研究计划项目（2017JZ008）；国家重点研发计划项目（2016YFC0501703）；农业部农业环境重点实验室开放基金

作者	单位	E-mail
张杰	西北农林科技大学资源环境学院, 陕西杨凌 712100 农业部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室, 陕西杨凌 712100 农业部农业环境重点实验室, 北京 100081
刘梦云	西北农林科技大学资源环境学院, 陕西杨凌 712100 农业部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室, 陕西杨凌 712100 农业部农业环境重点实验室, 北京 100081	lmy471993@163.com
张萌萌	西北农林科技大学资源环境学院, 陕西杨凌 712100 农业部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室, 陕西杨凌 712100 农业部农业环境重点实验室, 北京 100081
杨静涵	西北农林科技大学资源环境学院, 陕西杨凌 712100 农业部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室, 陕西杨凌 712100 农业部农业环境重点实验室, 北京 100081
曹润珊	西北农林科技大学资源环境学院, 陕西杨凌 712100 农业部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室, 陕西杨凌 712100 农业部农业环境重点实验室, 北京 100081

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中文摘要:

为研究纯林、混交林土壤二氧化碳（CO₂）、甲烷（CH₄）和氧化亚氮（N₂O）排放特征，有效评估不同林型组成所产生的温室气体差异。本文以黄土台塬7种典型纯林及其混交林为研究对象，采用静态箱-气相色谱法，比较各林型土壤CO₂、CH₄和N₂O的排放规律及其对环境因子的响应。结果表明：研究区各林型土壤均为CO₂、N₂O的排放源，CH₄的吸收汇。不同林型土壤温室气体排放差异显著，在土壤CO₂年均排放中，沙棘刺槐混交林最高（130.73 mg·m^-2·h^-1），油松最低（51.33 mg·m^-2·h^-1）；在土壤CH₄年均吸收中，油松最高（60.82 μg·m^-2·h^-1），侧柏最低（36.67 μg·m^-2·h^-1）；在土壤N₂O年均排放中，沙棘刺槐混交林最高（4.42 μg·m^-2·h^-1），油松最低（-0.06 μg·m^-2·h^-1）。各林型土壤CO₂与土壤温度呈正相关，与土壤含水量呈负相关；侧柏和沙棘刺槐混交林土壤CH₄吸收与土壤温度呈正相关，随0~5 cm土壤含水量的增加呈先增加后减少的规律；刺槐和油松土壤N₂O与土壤温度为显著正相关，其他林型与土壤温度及含水量无明显相关性。研究表明：土壤温室气体排放与林型组成有关，受环境因子影响，各温室气体表现出不同的排放特征。

英文摘要:

The study of characteristics of CO₂, CH₄, and N₂O fluxes in soils of pure forest and mixed forest has great significance for evaluating the differences in greenhouse gas fluxes under different forest types. In this study, the flux laws and major influential factors of CO₂, CH₄, and N₂O were compared using a static chamber and gas chromatography method based on seven typical pure forests and their mixed forests in the Loess Plateau tableland. The results showed that all forest types were sources of CO₂ and N₂O and sinks of CH₄, and the differences in greenhouse gas fluxes among different forest soils were significant. Among the annual fluxes of soil CO₂ and N₂O, the mixed forest of Hippophae rhamnoides and Robinia pseudoacacia had the highest fluxes (130.73 mg·m^-2·h^-1 and 4.42 μg·m^-2·h^-1, respectively), while the Pinus tabuliformis pure forest (51.33 mg·m^-2·h^-1 and -0.06 μg·m^-2·h^-1, respectively) had the lowest. For the fluxes of soil CH₄ uptake, the absorption flux of the P. tabuliformis pure forest was higher (60.82 μg·m^-2·h^-1) than that of any other forest, and that of the Biota orientalis pure forest (36.67 μg·m^-2·h^-1) was the lowest. The soil CO₂ flux was positively correlated with soil temperature and negatively correlated with soil moisture content. Soil CH₄ uptakes of the B. orientalis pure forest and mixed forest of H. rhamnoides and R. pseudoacacia were significantly positively correlated with temperature, and first increased and then decreased with the increase in 0~5 cm soil water content. Only the R. pseudoacacia pure forest and P. tabuliformis pure forest soil N₂O fluxes were positively correlated with soil temperature. The results showed that the fluxes of greenhouse gases in soil were related to forest type, and that the flux characteristics were different under the influence of environmental factors.

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