冬季不同类型猪舍内颗粒物与微生物气溶胶浓度分布规律研究

黄凯; 唐倩; 沈丹; 戴鹏远; 刘俊泽; 李延森; 李春梅

文章摘要

黄凯,唐倩,沈丹,戴鹏远,刘俊泽,李延森,李春梅.冬季不同类型猪舍内颗粒物与微生物气溶胶浓度分布规律研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2019,38(7):1616-1623.

冬季不同类型猪舍内颗粒物与微生物气溶胶浓度分布规律研究

Distribution of particulate matter and microbial aerosol concentration in different types of pig houses in winter

投稿时间：2018-11-26

DOI：10.11654/jaes.2018-1471

中文关键词: 猪舍颗粒物细菌气溶胶真菌气溶胶

英文关键词: pig house particulate matter bacterial aerosol fungal aerosol

基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2016YFD0500505）；国家自然科学基金项目（31772648）；江苏省研究生科研与实践创新计划项目（SJCX18_0239）

作者	单位	E-mail
黄凯	南京农业大学动物科技学院, 南京 210095
唐倩	南京农业大学动物科技学院, 南京 210095
沈丹	南京农业大学动物科技学院, 南京 210095
戴鹏远	南京农业大学动物科技学院, 南京 210095
刘俊泽	南京农业大学动物科技学院, 南京 210095
李延森	南京农业大学动物科技学院, 南京 210095 动物科学类国家级实验教学示范中心, 南京 210095
李春梅	南京农业大学动物科技学院, 南京 210095 动物科学类国家级实验教学示范中心, 南京 210095	chunmeili@njau.edu.cn

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中文摘要:

本研究旨在探究冬季不同类型猪舍内颗粒物与微生物气溶胶的污染特征，为改善规模化猪舍内空气质量提供基础数据。采用TSI粉尘监测仪和ZYK-6型六级筛孔撞击式微生物采样器，对妊娠舍、分娩舍和保育舍三种类型猪舍内的不同粒径颗粒物（TSP、PM₁₀、PM₄、PM^2.5和PM₁）浓度以及微生物气溶胶进行监测和采样。监测和采样高度均设为距离地面0.8 m处，每日监测7次（3：00、7：00、9：00、11：00、15：00、17：00和22：00），连续监测3 d。结果显示：妊娠舍内TSP、PM₁₀、PM₄、PM^2.5和PM₁平均质量浓度分别为1.734、0.760、0.313、0.270 mg·m^-3和0.249 mg·m^-3，细菌气溶胶浓度范围6800~25 600 cfu·m^-3，真菌气溶胶浓度范围为170~870 cfu·m^-3；分娩舍内TSP、PM₁₀、PM₄、PM^2.5和PM₁平均质量浓度分别为3.102、1.385、0.492、0.408 mg·m^-3和0.369 mg·m^-3，细菌气溶胶浓度范围为4100~22 100 cfu·m^-3，真菌气溶胶浓度范围为440~2480 cfu·m^-3；保育舍内TSP、PM₁₀、PM₄、PM^2.5和PM₁平均质量浓度分别为1.284、0.572、0.271、0.245 mg·m^-3和0.230 mg·m^-3，细菌气溶胶浓度范围为2120~6850 cfu·m^-3，真菌气溶胶浓度范围为160~1110 cfu·m^-3。三种猪舍内细菌气溶胶浓度比较发现，妊娠舍最高，其次是分娩舍，保育舍最低；真菌气溶胶主要分布在粒径小于3.3 μm的范围内。颗粒物与微生物气溶胶的相关性关系分析发现，真菌气溶胶和粒径小于1.1 μm的细菌气溶胶可能是以孢子或者菌丝的形式独立漂浮于空气中。

英文摘要:

This study aims to investigate the characteristics of particulate matter and microbial aerosols in different types of pig houses to provide basic data to improve air quality in large-scale pig houses. A TSI dust monitor was used to monitor the concentration of different sizes of particles(TSP, PM₁₀, PM₄, PM^2.5 and PM₁). Simultaneously, a ZYK-6 six-stage sieve percussion microbial sampler was used to sample microbial aerosols in three different types of pig houses, which are a gestational house, a delivery room and a nursery house. The monitoring and sampling height was 0.8 m away from the ground, and experiments were conducted 7 times a day(3:00, 7:00, 9:00, 11:00, 15:00, 17:00 and 22:00)for 3 consecutive days. In the gestational house, the average concentrations of TSP, PM₁₀, PM₄, PM^2.5 and PM₁ were 1.734, 0.760, 0.313, 0.270 mg·m^-3 and 0.249 mg·m^-3, respectively. The bacterial aerosol concentration was 6800~25 600 cfu·m^-3, and the fungal aerosol concentration was 170~870 cfu·m^-3. The average mass concentrations of TSP, PM₁₀, PM₄, PM^2.5 and PM₁ in the delivery house were 3.102, 1.385, 0.492, 0.408 mg·m^-3 and 0.369 mg·m^-3, respectively. Furthermore, the bacterial aerosol concentration was 4100~22 100 cfu·m^-3 and the fungal aerosol concentration was 440~2480 cfu·m^-3. In the nursery house, the average concentrations of TSP, PM₁₀, PM₄, PM^2.5 and PM₁ were 1.284, 0.572, 0.271, 0.245 mg·m^-3 and 0.230 mg·m^-3, respectively. The bacterial aerosol concentration was 2120~6850 cfu·m^-3 and the fungal aerosol concentration was 160~1110 cfu·m^-3. Our findings show that the bacterial aerosol concentration in the gestational house, delivery room and nursery house and most fungal aerosols, are mainly distributed in the range of a particle size less than 3.3 μm. The correlation analysis between particulate matter and microbial aerosol suggests that fungal aerosols and bacterial aerosols, whose particle sizes are less than 1.1 μm may float in the air independently in the form of spores or hyphae.

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