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| Coupling Effects of Water, Carbon and Nitrogen on Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Loessial Soil |
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| KeyWord:loessial soil; coupling effects of soil water, organic carbon and nitrogen; stalk; biochar; greenhouse gases |
| Author Name | Affiliation | | LIU Jiao | College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China | | YUAN Rui-na | College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China | | ZHAO Ying | College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China | | ZHANG A-feng | College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China |
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| Abstract: |
| Research has shown that direct returning of crop residues to fields may cause increases in greenhouse gas emissions from soils. This study investigated the coupling impacts of soil water content, organic carbon（maize stalk and its biochar） and nitrogen on the emissions of greenhouse gases（CO2 and N2O）, using quadratic rotational combination design and laboratory incubation experiment（28 ℃）. When maize stalks were directly applied to the soil, CO2 and N2O emissions were mainly affected by organic carbon, followed by water and nitrogen; whereas CO2 emission was predominantly influenced by water, followed by organic carbon and nitrogen, but N2O emission was primarily controlled by organic carbon, followed by nitrogen and water, when biochar was added to soil. Effect of pairwise interactions on CO2 emission was in order of carbon-nitrogen>water-nitrogen>water-organic carbon when stalk was applied. When biochar was applied, however, the interactive effect on CO2 emission was water-nitrogen=water-carbon>carbon-nitrogen. The interaction on N2O emission was water-carbon> carbon-nitrogen>water-nitrogen when stalk was applied, but water-nitrogen>carbon-nitrogen>water-carbon when biochar was applied. For the lowest cumulative CO2 emission, the optimal combination would be a combination of 30% water content and 81.9 mg·kg-1 nitrogen without stalk addition, or 10% water content, no biochar applied and 48.4 mg·kg-1 nitrogen. As for N2O emissions, a combination of 30% water content, no stalk amendment and 100 mg·kg-1 nitrogen was the better condition when the maize stalk was amended. In contrast, when biochar used, the best condition was a combination of 10% water content, no biochar added and 100 mg·kg-1 nitrogen. In summary, compared to stalk, the biochar can effectively reduce soil emissions of greenhouse gases. |
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