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| Effects of Controlled Release Fertilizer on Soil Nitrate Leaching, N2O Emission and Fruit Yield and Quality in Greenhouse Tomato Production System |
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| KeyWord:high-yield greenhouse tomato; controlled-release fertilizer; nitrate leaching; N2O emission |
| Author Name | Affiliation | | YANG Jun-gang | Institute of Plant Nutrition and Resource, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forest Science, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture（North）, MOA, Beijing 100097, China
Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center for Slow/Controlled-release Fertilizer, Beijing 100097, China | | ZHANG Peng-fei | nstitute of Plant Nutrition and Resource, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forest Science, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture（North）, MOA, Beijing 100097, China | | NI Xiao-hui | Institute of Plant Nutrition and Resource, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forest Science, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture（North）, MOA, Beijing 100097, China
Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center for Slow/Controlled-release Fertilizer, Beijing 100097, China | | XIAO Qiang | Institute of Plant Nutrition and Resource, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forest Science, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture（North）, MOA, Beijing 100097, China
Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center for Slow/Controlled-release Fertilizer, Beijing 100097, China | | CAO Bing | Institute of Plant Nutrition and Resource, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forest Science, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture（North）, MOA, Beijing 100097, China
Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center for Slow/Controlled-release Fertilizer, Beijing 100097, China | | ZOU Guo-yuan | Institute of Plant Nutrition and Resource, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forest Science, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture（North）, MOA, Beijing 100097, China
Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center for Slow/Controlled-release Fertilizer, Beijing 100097, China | | LIU Bao-cun | Institute of Plant Nutrition and Resource, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forest Science, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture（North）, MOA, Beijing 100097, China
Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center for Slow/Controlled-release Fertilizer, Beijing 100097, China |
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| Abstract: |
| Excessively high nitrogen fertilization and irrigation in intensive greenhouse vegetable production to maximize yield are very common practices in China. However, these has greatly increased the risk of N losses and caused serious non-point source pollution. Production systems with more yields and less environmental impacts are urgently needed. The objectives of this field study were to evaluate the effects of application of controlled-release fertilizers（CRF） and manure on fruit yield and quality, NO-3-N leaching and N2O emission from a high-yield tomato production system in greenhouse in a Beijing suburb. Six treatments were used：no fertilizer N treatment（CK）, organic fertilizer（OM）, controlled-release fertilizer at nitrogen rate of 300 kg·hm-2（N1）, controlled-release fertilizer at 450 kg·hm-2（N2）, controlled-release fertilizer at 600 kg·hm-2（N3） and traditional fertilization at 600 kg·hm-2（N4）, and N1, N2, N3 and N4 treatments received the same amount of manure with that of OM treatment, respectively. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with three replications, and each plot was 13.2 m2（1.2 m×11 m）. All treatments were irrigated based on soil moisture sensor, starting at 60% available soil water（ASW） and ending at 90%ASW. Nine times of furrow irrigation were applied with 180 mm irrigation water in total. High-yield crop management practices were adopted. Soil leachate was collected with a soil solution extractor at 60 cm and 100 cm soil depth, and N2O emission was measured with the closed chamber technique. The average nitrate concentrations of soil leachate at depth of 60 cm and 100 cm from three controlled-release fertilizer treatments were reduced by 15.4%~24.0% and 17.8%~30.0%，respectively, and soil residual nitrate in 0~100 cm at harvest was reduced by 21.0%~59.8% compared with the traditional treatment, indicating that the nitrate leaching losses in the controlled-release fertilizer treatments were much lower than in the traditional treatment. Average N2O flux of all treatments were 60 μg N·m-2·h-1 to 144 μg N·m-2·h-1. The seasonal N2O emissions ranged from 2.47 kg·hm-2 to 5.33 kg·hm-2, accounting for 0.08%~0.39% of applied fertilizers. Compared with the traditional treatment, controlled-release fertilizer treatments reduced N2O emission by 38.1%~47.0%. Fruit yields of all treatments were 113~132 t·hm-2, with the highest in the N2 treatment. However, there were no significant differences between treatments. Nitrate concentration in fruits in the N4 treatment was significant higher than in the CK. In conclusion, single basal application of controlled-release fertilizers and manure together can significantly reduce nitrate leaching loss and N2O emission compared with the traditional fertilization. The use of controlled-release fertilizer should be at 300 kg·hm-2 and 450 kg·hm-2 as there is an increasing risk of N losses at higher rates of controlled-release fertilizer（> 600 kg·hm-2）. |
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