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| Ammonia Volatilization from Wheat Soil Under Different Nitrogen Rates |
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| KeyWord:nitrogen fertilizer; ammonia volatilization; winter-wheat; in situ determination |
| Author Name | Affiliation | | SHAN Nan | Institute of Plant Nutrition and Resources, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071000, China | | ZHAO Tong-ke | Institute of Plant Nutrition and Resources, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China | | BI Xiao-qing | Institute of Plant Nutrition and Resources, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China | | AN Zhi-zhuang | Institute of Plant Nutrition and Resources, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China | | ZHAO Li-ping | Institute of Plant Nutrition and Resources, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China | | DU Lian-feng | Institute of Plant Nutrition and Resources, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China |
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| Abstract: |
| Ammonia volatilization is a major pathway of nitrogen losses from soils. Here a field experiment with different nitrogen rates was set up in Fangshan district, Beijing. The nitrogen rates included N0（0 kg·hm-2）, N1（50 kg·hm-2）, N2（100 kg·hm-2）, N3（150 kg·hm-2）, N4（200 kg·hm-2）, N5（250 kg·hm-2）, N6（300 kg·hm-2）, and N7（400 kg·hm-2）. Ammonia volatilization from soil in winter wheat field was measured using in-situ measurement method. Detectable ammonia volatilization occurred 1~2 weeks after N fertilization in winter wheat field, and the peaks of ammonia volatilization happened 2~3 days after fertilization. The ammonia volatilization rates were the highest after basal fertilization and top dressing, which were 2.41 and 1.42 kg·hm-2·d-1, respectively. The amount of ammonia volatilization varied from 0.81~ 4.29 kg·hm-2 after basal fertilization, 2.20~6.91 kg·hm-2 after top dressing. Throughout the entire winter wheat growing period, ammonia volatilization was higher in high- than low-nitrogen treatments. At nitrogen rates exceeding 150 kg·hm-2, total nitrogen loss increased sharply due to elevated ammonia volatilization. In the treatment with 150 kg·N hm-2, the winter wheat yield was as high as 5 493.63 kg·hm-2, higher than that of all other nitrogen treatments. Therefore, optimizing nitrogen rates could reduce ammonia volatilization loss without decreasing wheat production. The present data show that 150 kg·hm-2 nitrogen would be optimal for better yield and less ammonia volatilization losses. |
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