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| Effects of Biochar on Nitrogen Losses and Rice Yield in Anthropogenic-alluvial Soil Irrigated with Yellow River Water |
| Received:June 16, 2014 |
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| KeyWord:biochar;anthropogenic-alluvial soil;nitrogen leaching;rice yield;Ningxia irrigation region |
| Author Name | Affiliation | | ZHANG Ai-ping | Institute of Agro-Environment and Sustainable Development, CAAS/Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Climate Change, China Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 10081, China | | LIU Ru-liang | Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and forestry Sciences, Yinchuan 750000, China | | GAO Ji | Institute of Agro-Environment and Sustainable Development, CAAS/Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Climate Change, China Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 10081, China | | ZHANG Qing-wen | Institute of Agro-Environment and Sustainable Development, CAAS/Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Climate Change, China Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 10081, China | | XIAO Jian-nan | Institute of Agro-Environment and Sustainable Development, CAAS/Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Climate Change, China Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 10081, China | | CHEN Zhe | Institute of Agro-Environment and Sustainable Development, CAAS/Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Climate Change, China Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 10081, China | | YANG Shi-qi | Institute of Agro-Environment and Sustainable Development, CAAS/Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Climate Change, China Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 10081, China | | HUI Jin-zhuo | Institute of Agro-Environment and Sustainable Development, CAAS/Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Climate Change, China Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 10081, China | | YANG Zheng-li | Institute of Agro-Environment and Sustainable Development, CAAS/Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Climate Change, China Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 10081, China |
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| Abstract: |
| Application of high rates of nitrogen(N) fertilizer and flooded irrigation in rice production often result in N leaching and low N use efficiency of fertilizers in Ningxia Irrigation Region in the upper reaches of the Yellow River. Reducing N leaching and improving N fertilizer use efficiency are important for sustainable and high yield rice production and water quality. In this study, a field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different rates of biochar on rice yield and nitrogen leaching in an anthropogenic-alluvial soil at the upper reaches of the Yellow River basin in Northwest China. Three biochar rates with routine N rate(300 kg·hm-2) including C3N300(high rate of biochar, 9000 kg·hm-2); C2N300(Middle rate of biochar, 6750 kg·hm-2) and C1N300(low rate of biochar, 4500 kg·hm-2) and a null treatment(C0N300, no application of biochar) were set. Field lysimeters were used to quantify drainage amount during the rice growing season by an undisturbed sampling technique. The results showed that biochar amendment decreased the concentrations of both TN and NO3--N but increased ammonium N concentrations in the water layer and leaching water in anthropogenic-alluvial soil. Effects of biochar amendments on N leaching in soil profiles were greatest at 20 cm depth, but little at 100 cm. During rice growing season, the run-off loss of TN and NO3--N decreased while that of NH4+-N increased with increasing biochar rates. Amendment of biochar decreased TN leaching by 9.45% at C3N300, compared with C0N300 treatment. Biochar amendments significantly increased rice yield by 15.3%~44.9% over the control through increased spikelets per panicle and panicle number per hectare. The rate of biochare was positively correlated with rice yield(r=0.962*, P<0.05). Our study reveals that biochar can positively increase rice yield while reducing nitrogen leaching in the rice fields. |
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