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| Phytoremediation and Health Risk Assessment of Acidified and Cadmium Contaminated Farmland |
| Received:November 26, 2014 |
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| KeyWord:cadmium;Solanum nigrum L.;sugarcane;phytoremediation;health risk |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | ZHAO Xue-mei | Scientific Research Academy of Guangxi Environmental Protection, Nanning 530022
The Collaborative Innovation Center of the Ecological Environment & Integration Development in the Xijiang River Basin, Nanning 530001 | | | XIE Hua | Scientific Research Academy of Guangxi Environmental Protection, Nanning 530022
The Collaborative Innovation Center of the Ecological Environment & Integration Development in the Xijiang River Basin, Nanning 530001 | xiehuagx@139.com | | WU Kai-qing | Scientific Research Academy of Guangxi Environmental Protection, Nanning 530022
The Collaborative Innovation Center of the Ecological Environment & Integration Development in the Xijiang River Basin, Nanning 530001 | | | YU Meng-hao | Scientific Research Academy of Guangxi Environmental Protection, Nanning 530022
The Collaborative Innovation Center of the Ecological Environment & Integration Development in the Xijiang River Basin, Nanning 530001 | | | YANG Rui-gang | Scientific Research Academy of Guangxi Environmental Protection, Nanning 530022
The Collaborative Innovation Center of the Ecological Environment & Integration Development in the Xijiang River Basin, Nanning 530001 | | | LI Xiang-lin | Scientific Research Academy of Guangxi Environmental Protection, Nanning 530022
The Collaborative Innovation Center of the Ecological Environment & Integration Development in the Xijiang River Basin, Nanning 530001 | |
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| Abstract: |
| In this paper, remediation of farmland polluted by acid and cadmium(Cd) using hyperaccumulator, Solanum nigrum L. and cash crop, sugarcane(Saccharum officinarum L.), was investigated in Huanjiang county of Guangxi. The human health risk of both plants was also assessed. Solanum nigrum accumulated Cd up to 16.83 mg·kg-1 in the plant, with Cd accumulation coefficient greater than 1. Sugarcane had the highest Cd of 0.54 mg·kg-1, with Cd accumulation coefficient less than 1. Under the local normal cropping system, amount of Cd extracted by S. nigrum from soil was estimated to be more than 100 g·hm-2, with Cd phytoextraction rate of more than 6%. It would take about 9 years to reduce soil Cd to the GradeⅡ level in the National Environment Quality Standards for Soils(GB 15618-1995) by planting S. nigrum. Therefore, it is feasible to remediate farmlands contaminated by acid and cadmium through planting S. nigrum. Applying lime and sodium hydroxide led to a greatest reduction of total Cd in soil grown with S. nigrum, which was 4.44%. Cadmium concentrations in the edible parts of S. nigrum ranged 5.21~6.83 mg·kg-1 much higher than the standard of the National Food Safety(GB 2762-2012). If this S. nigrum were used as a vegetable, the average daily amount of Cd intake by local would be 5.38~17.39 μg·kg-1·d-1(fresh weight), far beyond the Provisional Tolerable Daily Intake(PTDI) for Cd proposed by FAO/WHO, with the risk index of heavy metal exposure greater than 1. The results indicate that the currently grown S. nigrum should be not used for vegetable. Although, the risk index of Cd exposure for consuming sucrose from the experimentation area was lower than 1, the concentrations of Cd in the sucrose were higher than the standard of the National Food Safety. Attention should be paid to the way of sugarcane comprehensive utilizations. |
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