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| Effects of Ammonia Stresses on Anaerobic Digestion of Swine Manure |
| Received:April 17, 2015 |
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| KeyWord:anaerobic digestion;ammonia;swine manure;terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism;methanogens |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | GAO Wen-xuan | Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin 300191, China | | | ZHANG Ke-qiang | Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin 300191, China | | | LIANG Jun-feng | Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin 300191, China | | | SONG Xiang-yu | Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin 300191, China | | | HAN Bing-ya | Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin 300191, China
College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang 100161, China | | | DU Lian-zhu | Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin 300191, China | dulianzhu99@163.com |
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| Abstract: |
| Anaerobic digestion is a commonly used technique for treating livestock manure and producing biogas. However, ammonia generated during the digestion may reduce the efficiency of an anaerobic digestion system. Here a batch experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of ammonia on anaerobic digestion of swine manure by adding ammonia at 0, 400, 800, 1600, 2400, 3200 mg·L-1 and 4000 mg·L-1 under mesophilic conditions(35 ℃). Cumulative biogas production had no obvious differences at 0~800 mg·L-1 of ammonia concentrations. However, the lag phase appeared and cumulative biogas decreased when ammonia was higher than 2400 mg·L-1. Yields of CH4 were 328.5, 338.1, 323.2, 304.9, 276.2, 124.9 mL·g-1 and 56.1 mL·g -1 VS for 0, 400, 800, 1600, 2400, 3200 mg N·L-1 and 4000 mg N·L-1, respectively. The maximum CH4 yield rates were 18.3, 18.4, 17.1 mL· g-1·d-1 at 0, 400 mg N·L-1, and 800 mg N·L-1 of ammonia added, respectively. Increasing ammonia from 3200 mg·L-1 to 4000 mg·L-1 sharply decreased the CH4 yield rates and greatly delayed the peaks. The biodegradability(BAD) of VS at 30 d was 55.6%, 56.7%, 54.5%, 52.4%, 30.6%, 1.6% and 1.3% for 0, 400, 800, 1600, 2400, 3200 mg N· L-1 and 4000 mg N·L-1, respectively. The results from terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism(T-RFLP) and clone library showed that the relative abundance of acetate-utilizing Methanosaeta decreased with increases in ammonia concentrations, but the abundance of hydrogen-utilizing Methanosarcina and Methanococcus had an opposite tendency at ammonia range of 400~2400 mg·L-1. |
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