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| Survey and dietary exposure assessment of cadmium in milled rice in Jiangsu Province |
| Received:November 18, 2015 |
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| KeyWord:cadmium;milled rice;dietary exposure;probabilistic assessment;Jiangsu Province |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | SONG Wen | Institute of Quality and Standards for Agricultural Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Zhejiang Province Key Lab for Food Safety, Hangzhou 310021, China
Institute of Food Safety and Monitoring Technology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products(Nanjing), Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China | | | LI You-qin | Institute of Food Safety and Monitoring Technology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products(Nanjing), Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China | | | LÜ Kang | Institute of Food Safety and Monitoring Technology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products(Nanjing), Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China | | | LIU Xian-jin | Institute of Food Safety and Monitoring Technology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products(Nanjing), Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China | jaasliu@jaas.ac.cn |
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| Abstract: |
| A survey of cadmium levels in milled rice in Jiangsu Province was carried out in 2013. A total of 1101 milled rice samples were collected from 13 cities. Cadmium was measured by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy. Results showed that 97.6% of the samples contained detectable concentrations of cadmium, which ranged from 0.000 3 to 0.431 0 mg·kg-1, with the mean value of 0.036 4 mg·kg-1, but only 0.27% of the samples had cadmium concentrations exceeding the maximum level(ML), 0.2 mg·kg-1. Based on recent rice consumption and body weight, an estimated monthly human intake of cadmium was calculated for 20 age-sex categories of Chinese population using a non-parameter probabilistic model. The provisional tolerable monthly intake(PTMI) of cadmium, as recommended by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives(JECFA) was 25 μg·kg-1 bw. The estimated exposure values for populations of interest were compared to the PTMI. This study confirmed a low average health risk of cadmium via the milled rice in Jiangsu Province. For the population below 14 years old, however, exposure to cadmium represented 86.3%~130.7% of the PTMI at P95 risk level. For population below 11 years old, 6.8%~9.0% individuals had cadmium exposure exceeding the PTMI. The present study suggests that it is necessary to establish a program to monitor cadmium dynamics in milled rice continuously. |
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