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| Distribution characteristics and ecological risk assessment of antibiotic pollution in Xiaoqing River watershed |
| Received:December 16, 2015 |
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| KeyWord:Xiaoqing River watershed;antibiotic pollution;distribution pattern;pollution source;ecological risk assessment |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | LI Jia | Key Laboratory of Coastal Environment Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research(YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS), Yantai 264003, China
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China | | | ZHANG Rui-jie | College of Oceanology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China | | | WANG Run-mei | Key Laboratory of Coastal Environment Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research(YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS), Yantai 264003, China
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China | | | ZHANG Hua | Key Laboratory of Coastal Environment Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research(YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS), Yantai 264003, China | hzhang@yic.ac.cn | | JIANG De-juan | Key Laboratory of Coastal Environment Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research(YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS), Yantai 264003, China | | | ZOU Tao | Key Laboratory of Coastal Environment Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research(YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS), Yantai 264003, China | | | TANG Jian-hui | Key Laboratory of Coastal Environment Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research(YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS), Yantai 264003, China | | | LÜ Jian | Key Laboratory of Coastal Environment Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research(YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS), Yantai 264003, China | |
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| Abstract: |
| Concentrations of 4 types of antibiotics in the surface water of Xiaoqing River watershed were determined using solid-phase ex traction (SPE) and high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). The spatial distribution of these antibiotics was also examined. The potential pollution sources were explored in combination with land use characteristics of the watershed. Also, ecological risk assessment was performed using calculated risk quotients (RQs). Results showed that 13 antibiotics were detected in surface water samples, among which trimethoprim and macrolides were present in all water samples. The ranges of macrolides, quinolones, sulfonamides, and trimethoprim concentrations were respectively 2.18~84.9 ng·L-1, nd~1600 ng·L-1, nd~845 ng·L-1, and 1.88~3900 ng·L-1. Relatively high concentrations of macrolides and quinolones mainly occurred in the downstream of densely populated areas. Sulfonamides and trimethoprim were found in the downstream of areas with intensive aquaculture. The ecological risk level of 13 antibiotics was 38.5%, 23.1%, and 38.5% at heavy pollution, medium pollution, and safety, respectively. Our study suggested that antibiotic pollution in the Xiao qing River watershed was mainly caused by aquaculture wastewater and domestic sewage, and antibiotic pollution might pose threat to sensitive aquatic and benthic organisms in the watershed. |
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