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| Effects of hydraulic retention time on sulfonamides distributions in anaerobic digestates of swine manure |
| Received:April 11, 2016 |
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| KeyWord:sulfonamides(SAs), hydraulic retention time, liquid digestate, solid digestate, distribution characteristics |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | XU Cai-yun | College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Jiangsu Agricultural Waste Treatment and Recycle Engineering Research Center, Nanjing 210014, China | | | JIN Hong-mei | Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Jiangsu Agricultural Waste Treatment and Recycle Engineering Research Center, Nanjing 210014, China
East China Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Development and Utilization of Rural Renewable Energy, Ministry of Agriculture
Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Downstream of Yangtze Plain, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China | jinhm120@hotmail.com | | DU Jing | Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Jiangsu Agricultural Waste Treatment and Recycle Engineering Research Center, Nanjing 210014, China
East China Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Development and Utilization of Rural Renewable Energy, Ministry of Agriculture
Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Downstream of Yangtze Plain, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China | | | CHANG Zhi-zhou | Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Jiangsu Agricultural Waste Treatment and Recycle Engineering Research Center, Nanjing 210014, China
East China Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Development and Utilization of Rural Renewable Energy, Ministry of Agriculture
Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Downstream of Yangtze Plain, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China | | | HUANG Hong-ying | Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Jiangsu Agricultural Waste Treatment and Recycle Engineering Research Center, Nanjing 210014, China
East China Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Development and Utilization of Rural Renewable Energy, Ministry of Agriculture
Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Downstream of Yangtze Plain, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China | | | ZHOU Li-xiang | College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China | lxzhou@njau.edu.cn |
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| Abstract: |
| Intensive animal husbandry is believed to be a major contributor to the increased environmental burden of antibiotics. Anaerobic digestion(AD) is an effective way to deal with manure and wastewater in intensive animal farms. Despite the volume of sulfonamides(SAs) in swine manure in China, little information is available regarding the degradation characteristics of SAs during the AD process using swine manure. In this study, bench-scale completely stirred tank reactors(CSTRs) were chosen to degrade sulfadiazine(SD), sulfadimidine(SM) and sulfachlorpyridazine(SCP) in swine manure mixed with rice straw at mesophilic condition (37±1)℃ and two hydraulic retention times(HRT), i.e., 20 d and 15 d. The removal rates of SD, SM and SCP and their content distribution in solid and liquid digestates were analyzed during AD. Results showed that the removal rates followed the trend of SM >SD >SCP. The removal rates of the three SAs were more than 90% at HRT of 20-d; while the rates decreased at HRT of 15-d, especially for SCP, which removal rate was lower than 72.8%. The residual SAs mainly existed in solid digestate during AD of swine manure, especially for SCP. Meanwhile, the distribution ratio of SAs in solid and liquid digestate was higher at HRT of 15-d compared with HRT of 20-d. Different SAs presented extinct degradation characteristics during AD. Increasing the reaction time between SAs in swine manure and substrates in digester was a key factor to stimulate SAs degradation during AD. Meanwhile, residual SAs in solid digestate of swine manure need to further remove during their land application with purpose of environmental safety. |
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