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| Reducing N fertilization rate through a combination of manure and chemical fertilizer in Weibei dryland |
| Received:June 20, 2016 |
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| KeyWord:dryland;winter wheat;manure;grain yield;N use efficiency;soil nitrate-N residue;soil organic matter |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | ZHANG Hao-qing | College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China
Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agro-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, China | | | YU Xin-yang | College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China
Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agro-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, China | | | ZHAI Bing-nian | College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China
Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agro-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, China | bingnianzhaitg@126.com | | JIN Zhong-yu | College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China
Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agro-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, China | | | MA Chen | College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China
Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agro-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, China | | | WANG Zhao-hui | College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China
Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agro-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, China | |
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| Abstract: |
| To explore the effect and mechanism of manure on reducing nitrogen(N) fertilizer rates in Weibei dryland, a 3-year field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of manure and N fertilizer on winter wheat yield, N use efficiency(NUE), soil nitrate-N residue and soil nutrients in Baishui County. Following a spilt-plot design, the main treatments included two manure application rates:30 t·hm-2(with manure, +M), and 0 t·hm-2(without manure, -M); The sub-treatments included five N fertilizer rates:0, 75, 150, 225 and 300 kg N·hm-2. The results showed that, additional manure increased winter wheat yield by 6.9%, aboveground N uptake by 29.3%, and NUE by 34.4%, relative to that without manure, and the highest values were all recorded in the M+N150 treatment(the combination of manure with 150 kg N·hm-2 fertilizer). The combined application of manure and inorganic fertilizer increased soil organic matter, total N, available P and available K in 0~20 cm layer by a mean of 6.1%, 8.2%, 90.4%, 94.8%, compared to that without manure, respectively. However, when manure was combined with the N rate which exceeded 150 kg N·hm-2, further increase of N rate would lead to an increase of soil nitrate-N residue(43.7~188.8 kg·hm-2), and the risk of nitrate-N leaching. The combination of manure with 75 and 150 kg N·hm-2 N fertilizer resulted in a comparable grain yield with that for applying 150 and 225 kg N·hm-2 fertilizer alone, but increased NUE significantly(The improvement was 27.4% and 45.3%, respectively), and additionally reduced the soil nitrate-N below 60 cm layer. As a result, we concluded that combining manure(30 t·hm-2 pig manure) with 75~150 kg N·hm-2 N fertilizer(organic N:inorganic N=1:0.46~0.91) is recommended for achieving an N efficient and environmental friendly winter wheat farming system in Weibei dryland. |
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