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| Ammonia volatilization in soil and grain yield of the spring maize under different water-nitrogen management regimes |
| Received:December 12, 2016 |
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| KeyWord:water-nitrogen management regime;nitrogen application;irrigation quota;ammonia volatilization rate;ammonia volatilization loss;spring maize;grain yield |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | LI Zhen | Department of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot 010018, China | | | SHI Hai-bin | Department of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot 010018, China | shi_haibin@sohu.com | | LI Xian-yue | Department of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot 010018, China | | | YAN Jian-wen | Department of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot 010018, China | |
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| Abstract: |
| To alleviate the nitrogen loss and non-point source pollution from ammonia volatilization, this research analyzed the response of ammonia volatilization law and grain yield of spring maize to the different water-nitrogen management regimes. It is needed to seek a kind of water-nitrogen management regime to save water, fertilizer and produce stable yield. A split plot design method is used in the experiment. The main plot was irrigation quota with three levels(525, 750, 975 m3·hm-2). The split plot was nitrogen application with five levels(0, 80, 160, 240, 320 kg·hm-2). Every irrigation quota had five treatments with different nitrogen application rate. There were fifteen treatments in total. The field experiment was carried out in 2014 and 2015. The venting method is adopted to measure ammonia volatilization in soil and calculate the ammonia volatilization rate, ammonia volatilization loss and loss rate. The results show that the peaks of ammonia volatilization rate after dressing fertilization of the same treatment are larger than the peaks of ammonia volatilization rate after sowing fertilization in the year of 2014 and 2015. The peaks of ammonia volatilization rate after dressing fertilization are 63.31% and 62.06% respectively higher than the peaks of ammonia volatilization rate after sowing fertilization. The nitrogen application, irrigation quota, and the interaction of those two elements all have highly significant influence on ammonia volatilization loss. And the influence of the three factors on ammonia volatilization loss shows is the regime of nitrogen application > irrigation quota > interaction of those two elements. The average ammonia volatilization loss of all nitrogen treatments after sowing fertilization are 5.71~13.95 kg·hm-2 in the year of 2014 and 2015. The average ammonia volatilization loss of all nitrogen treatments after dressing fertilization are 8.70~18.66 kg·hm-2 in the year of 2014 and 2015. The total ammonia volatilization loss of all nitrogen treatments are 13.90~32.21 kg·hm-2 in the year of 2014. The total ammonia volatilization loss of all nitrogen treatments are 15.45~32.99 kg·hm-2 in the year of 2015. The treatment of W2N3(W2:750 m3·hm-2, N3:240 kg·hm-2) can not only save water and nitrogen but also can obtain high yield. And it can reduce the ammonia volatilization loss significantly. Considering the aspects above, this research recommends the treatment of W2N3 as the best water-nitrogen management regime for experimental district. |
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