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| Joint toxic effects of carbofuran, Cd and Cu to Vibrio fischeri |
| Received:November 25, 2016 |
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| KeyWord:carbofuran;Cd;Cu;Vibrio fischeri;joint toxicity |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | QIU Ai-feng | School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213000, China
Analysis and Testing Center, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Jiaxing 314006, China | | | WANG Yu-tao | Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agricultural Products, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China | | | ZHANG Shu-qiu | Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agricultural Products, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China | | | PENG Qiang-hui | Analysis and Testing Center, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Jiaxing 314006, China | | | CHEN Zi-lei | Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agricultural Products, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China | CZL7274@163.com |
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| Abstract: |
| Toxicity tests were conducted to evaluate the 15 min and 30 min acute toxicity effects of single and mixed samples of carbofuran, cadmium (Cd) and copper (Cu) (carbofuran-Cd and carbofuran-Cu toxicity mixed ratios of 1:1, 1:2 and 2:1, carbofuran-Cd-Cu toxicity mixed ratios of 1:1:1, 1:1:2, 1:2:1 and 2:1:1) to Vibrio fischeri, and to calculate the median effective concentration (EC50) of the single and mixed samples. EC50 values of carbofuran, Cd and Cu for 15 min tests are 101.29, 13.11 and 47.06 mg·L-1, and that for 30 min tests are 107.88, 11.17 and 39.73 mg·L-1 respectively. Toxicity unit (TU) method, mixtures toxicity index (MTI) method and additive index (AI) method were used to evaluate the joint toxicity of carbofuran, Cd and Cu to Vibrio fischeri. The results show that the joint toxicity of carbofuran-Cd, carbofuran-Cu and carbofuran-Cd-Cu are partial additive and synergistic effects, which present that the joint toxicity are higher than the single toxicity. The joint toxicity of binary and ternary mixtures to Vibrio fischeri depend on the different mixed ratios. Even though the type are the same, the strength may be different. The evaluation results of TU and MTI method are consistent, while AI method shows slight different from the other two methods. |
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