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| Effects of biochar on Cd Pb availability and uptake by maize and wheat in upland soil |
| Received:December 26, 2016 |
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| KeyWord:biochar;heavy metal;alkaline upland soil;wheat maize rotation |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | ZUO Jing | Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China | | | CHEN De | Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China | | | GUO Hu | Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China | | | WANG Jing-bo | Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China | | | SUI Feng-feng | Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China | | | LI Lian-qing | Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China | lqli@njau.edu.cn | | PAN Gen-xing | Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China | | | ZHANG Xu-hui | Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China | |
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| Abstract: |
| A field study was conducted by applying wheat straw biochar with the high(40 t·hm-2) and low(20 t·hm-2) application rates in a wheat-maize rotation upland field. The indicators related to heavy metal pollution, including the available concentrations of Pb, Cd in soil and the uptake amount in grain of wheat and maize, were determined and analyzed after two growing seasons. The results showed that, compared to no biochar amendment, wheat straw biochar application significantly increased soil organic matter(SOM) by 2.4 and 2.8 times. The highest decrease rates of available Cd, Pb being 53% and 50% were observed in the form of CaCl2-Cd and CaCl2-Pb, respectively. The concentrations of Pb and Cd in wheat grain were also significantly reduced, and the decrease rates were as high as 43% and 21% respectively. However, the Pb and Cd concentrations in wheat grain were still higher than the current national standard. No obvious change of Pb and Cd concentration was observed in maize grain. A multivariate analysis indicated that biochar had significant remediation effect on upland heavy metal pollution with the application level of 20 t·hm-2 in short term, while a long term effect(two growing seasons at least) was found under the application level of 40 t·hm-2. The further analysis implied that wheat straw biochar may significantly reduce the bio-available heavy metal in upland soil by adsorbing heavy metal with chelation and complexation effects dominated by biochar sourced functional groups, and the remediation effect can be last longer with the increase of application level in a certain range. |
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