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| Theory and application of diffusive gradients in thin-films in the environment:High-resolution analysis and its applications in soils and sediments |
| Received:March 28, 2017 |
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| KeyWord:diffusive gradients in thin-films(DGT);soil;sediment;high resolution;in situ;metals |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | FANG Xu | State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China | | | LUO Jun | State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China | esluojun@nju.edu.cn | | GAO Yue | Department of Analytical, Environmental and Geochemistry(AMGC), VUB, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium | | | WILLIAMS Paul | Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, United Kingdom | | | ZHANG Hao | Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom | | | DAVISON William | Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom | |
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| Abstract: |
| In this paper, we systematically introduce the methodology of in situ high-resolution application of diffusive gradients in thin-films(DGT) in soil and sediment media in terms of design of binding gels, design of sampling devices, and methods of analysis. Important research results obtained from the in situ high-resolution application in the rhizosphere and sediment since the advent of DGT were also reviewed. The discovery of the highly localized distribution and correlated release of sulfide and metals in sediment and the localized flux maxima of metals around plant roots in soil were both enabled by the in situ high-resolution DGT application. With the combined application of complementary planar optode techniques, 2-D distribution of key environmental parameters such as O2 and pH could also be imaged with ideal spatiotemporal relevance with DGT-measured species. In the end, the outlook on future DGT in situ high-resolution research was made to the development of a novel highly homogeneous binding gel for a wider spectrum of environmentally important analytes and further application in soils and sediments targeting decisive biogeochemical processes. With the recent establishment of the Action Plan for Soil Pollution Prevention and Control and the background that China is paying more attention to enhancing its environment, the in situ high-resolution study on the micro-interfacial mechanisms of pollutants in soil and sediment by DGT is capable of revealing key controlling processes in heavy metal contamination and providing important theoretical supports for management strategies accordingly, thus promoting the prevention and remediation of soil and sediment pollution as well as the control of crop safety in China. |
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