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| Evaluation of cadmium bioavailability via diffusive gradients in thin film technology for agricultural soils |
| Received:June 10, 2017 |
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| KeyWord:rice;cadmium;bioavailability;DGT;chemical extraction |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | LIU Xiao-lian | School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China | | | DU Ping | State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China | duping@craes.org.cn | | CHEN Juan | State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China | | | REN Jie | State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China | | | LIU Ji-dong | School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China | | | HAN Lei | School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China | | | WU Ming-hong | School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China | |
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| Abstract: |
| Risk assessment of heavy metal pollution is important in the study of soil environments, though there is no agreed-upon conclusion about assessment methods, until now. Assessment methods for the potential risk of cadmium-polluted agricultural soils urgently need to be confirmed. In this study, a soil-rice system was developed to compare the accuracy and feasibility of different methods, including diffusive gradients in thin film technology (DGT) and traditional chemical extraction methods. The mechanism of DGT for evaluating Cd bioavailability was also discussed. There were significantly positive relationships between Cd concentrations obtained by the three extraction procedures and Cd concentrations in rice grain (0.06~2.16 mg·kg-1). The correlation coefficients obtained by DGT (RLinear2=0.89 and RCurvilinear2=0.94) were much larger than those obtained by the soil solution method (RLinear2=0.87 and RCurvilinear2=0.92) and 0.01 mol·L-1 CaCl2 extraction method (RLinear2=0.80 and RCurvilinear2=0.83). In addition, R values obtained using the 2D DIFS model showed that the solid-liquid dynamic process was rapid in bulk soils, and R experimental values indicated a sustained supply of cadmium from soil solid to liquid. In general, DGT showed a more scientific prediction of Cd bioavailability in paddy soils with long-range Cd concentrations (0.31~10.64 mg·kg-1). If in situ measurement prediction is successful, DGT will be a good prospect in standard settings for evaluating Cd contamination of paddy soils. |
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