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| Time-dependent synergism and antagonism within multi-component mixtures of heavy metals and antibiotics towards Chlorella pyrenoidosa |
| Received:August 24, 2017 |
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| KeyWord:heavy metals;antibiotics;multiple mixture;Chlorella pyrenoidosa;time dependency;synergism;antagonism |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | CHEN Min | Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Wastewater Resource of Anhui Province, College of Environment and Energy Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei 230601, China | | | ZHANG Jin | Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Wastewater Resource of Anhui Province, College of Environment and Energy Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei 230601, China
Anhui Advanced Technology Research Institute of Green Building, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei 230601, China
Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China | ginnzy@163.com | | DONG Xin-qi | Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Wastewater Resource of Anhui Province, College of Environment and Energy Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei 230601, China | | | BAN Long-ke | Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Wastewater Resource of Anhui Province, College of Environment and Energy Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei 230601, China | | | BIAN Zhi-qiang | Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Wastewater Resource of Anhui Province, College of Environment and Energy Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei 230601, China | |
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| Abstract: |
| To investigate the joint toxicity of antibiotics and heavy metals, we selected Chlorella pyrenoidosa as a test organism, with a 96-well microplate as the exposure experiment carrier. Five kinds of aminoglycoside antibiotics:amikacin sulfate(AMI), gentamicin sulfate(GEN), kanamycin sulfate(KAN), paromomycin sulfate(PAR), tobramycin(TOB) and four heavy metals:cadmium, copper, manganese and zinc were selected as the research objects. A nine-component mixture system was designed by the uniform design ray method where 10 rays with different concentration ratios(pi s) were arranged. The toxicity of the mixture components and each mixture ray were determined by time-dependent microplate toxicity analysis(t-MTA). The obtained toxicity data in different exposure time were fitted by the non-linear least squares method. Concentration addition was selected and so the additive reference model to analyze toxicity interaction within mixture rays. The results showed that the toxicity of antibiotics and heavy metals was time-dependent, as were the toxicity orders of antibiotics and heavy metals. For the exposure time of 96 h, the toxicity order was KAN < TOB < Zn < Mn < Cd < AMI < GEN < Cu < PAR. The toxicity of the mixture rays was also time-dependent, and their toxicity orders also varied with time. The toxicity of the 10 mixture rays displayed obviously time-dependent synergism and antagonism. Three rays, R5, R6 and R7, showed time-dependent antagonism, which grew clearer with time. The remaining seven rays showed clear synergism, with time-dependency decreasing gradually. |
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