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| Occurrence and distribution of antibiotics in the surface water of a typical urban river in the Yangtze River Delta |
| Received:October 24, 2017 |
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| KeyWord:antibiotics;Lujiang River watershed;distribution characteristics |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | ZONG Ya-nan | College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Key Laboratory of Biotic Environment and Ecological Safety in Anhui Province, Wuhu 241000, China
Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315800, China | | | SHAO Mei-ling | College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Key Laboratory of Biotic Environment and Ecological Safety in Anhui Province, Wuhu 241000, China | | | LIANG Meng-qi | College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Key Laboratory of Biotic Environment and Ecological Safety in Anhui Province, Wuhu 241000, China
Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315800, China | | | TANG Jian-feng | Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361000, China
Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315800, China | jftang@iue.ac.cn | | WANG Rui-jie | Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361000, China
Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315800, China | |
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| Abstract: |
| Solid-phase extraction(SPE) and high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry(HPLC-MS/MS) were used to quantify five groups of antibiotics, which were tetracyclines(TCs), chloramphenicols(CPs), fluoroquinolones(FQs), macrolides(MLs), and sulfonamides(SAs), in the surface water of Lujiang River, Ningbo, a heavily industrialized and urbanized region in East China. The major aim of this study was to investigate the discharge of antibiotics, their potential distribution via non-point sources pollution(e.g. poultry farms), and the ecological risk to the river. A total of 14 antibiotics were detected in the surface water samples. The results indicated that the occurrence of antibiotic residues was widespread across the study site. Furthermore, TCs and CPs had the highest detection rates and concentration levels among the 14 antibiotics. The detection rate for TCs in the surface water reached 96.9% and the concentration range was from 27.10 ng·L-1 to 133.0 ng·L-1. The detection rate for CPs in the surface water reached 86.5% and the concentration range was from 13.00 ng·L-1 to 219.0 ng·L-1. The TCs, CPs, and FQs mainly occurred in the agricultural and industrial areas, and the non-point pollution sources were agricultural discharges, industrial wastewater, and domestic sewage. The MLs and SAs mainly occurred in domestic household areas, and the major non-point source was domestic sewage. The concentration of antibiotics in the domestic household area and the industrial area was lower than in the suburban agriculture area. Therefore, these results indicated that the antibiotic levels in the suburbs were higher than in the city area. The ecological risk assessment results showed that the risk of heavy, medium, low and safety pollution levels occurring were 5:3:3:3. Therefore, the analyses undertaken in this study suggested that approximately 50.0% of the areas had a high ecological risk due to antibiotics. |
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