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| Cadmium risk and mitigation in paddy systems in China |
| Received:April 08, 2018 |
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| KeyWord:cadmium;rice;paddy field;biogeochemistry;food safety |
| Author Name | Affiliation | | WANG Peng | College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China | | WANG Jing | College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China | | CHEN Hong-ping | College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China | | ZHOU Dong-mei | Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China | | ZHAO Fang-jie | College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China |
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| Abstract: |
| Rapid industrialization in China coupled with a lack of stringent environmental protection in the past 30 years has resulted in serious and widespread soil Cd contamination in agricultural land. As a consequence, a large proportion of rice produced in some areas of South China currently exceeds the maximum permissible limit of Cd in China, threatening the food safety and human health. The elevated exceedance rates in South China are attributed to a combined consequence of serious soil Cd contamination, the cumulative acidification of soils due to excessive applications of nitrogen fertilizers, and cultivation of Indica cultivars in south region which tend to accumulate more Cd in the grain than Japonica. Dietary Cd intake of Chinese general populations has more than doubled over the past three decades with the consumption of rice being the dominant contributor. Here, we review the information available regarding Cd exposure levels and contributions to dietary Cd intake. Given that rice presents the dominant contributor, particular emphasis is placed on biogeochemical processes controlling Cd availability in paddy soils and the molecular mechanisms responsible for Cd accumulation in rice. A number of mitigating strategies in agronomy and breeding are also suggested for the movement towards low-Cd rice. |
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