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| Regional adaptability and ecological competitiveness of Myriophyllum elatinoides in mainland China |
| Received:July 13, 2018 |
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| KeyWord:Myriophyllum elatinoides;ecological adaptability;natural competitiveness;non-specific predators;ecological risk assessment |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | LI Yu-yuan | Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China | | | LI Xi | Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China | | | WU Jin-shui | Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China | jswu@isa.ac.cn | | LI Kuan-yi | Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China | | | WANG Wei-bo | Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China | |
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| Abstract: |
| Myriophyllum elatinoides wetlands can efficiently remove organic substances, such as nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P), from polluted waters, and the biomass of M. elatinoides can be utilized as a high-quality feed for livestock and poultry as it contains high concentrations of nutrients such as protein. This suggests that M. elatinoides wetlands are reliable areas for combining the re-utilization of N & P pollutants and the control of agricultural non-point source pollution. However, the ecological adaptability and competitiveness of M. elatinoides are still unknown and require evidence-based clarification in China. Therefore, several M. elatinoides plantation experiments were conducted in eleven of the Chinese Academy of Sciences' field observation stations located in the subtropical and temperate regions of China, from Yucheng County in Shandong (in the north) and Wuxi City in Jiangsu Province (in the east) to Zhongxian County in Chongqing City (in the west). Our results regarding M. elatinoides plantations provided three main conclusions. First, M. elatinoides grew well and overwintered smoothly in subtropical regions. However, it could not overwinter under the natural conditions of the temperate area in Northern China. Second, the natural growth of M. elatinoides could be significantly disturbed by several factors, such as large waves, deep water, algae (cyanobacteria) blooms, and competition for survival with other native aquatic plants, such as Typha orientalis, Nelumbo nucifera, Paspalum distichum, Polygonum hydropiper, and Murdannia triquetra. Third, non-specific predators to M. elatinoides, especially the leaf-feeding insects Spodoptera litura and Anomis flava, were observed in all study regions and caused severe damage to M. elatinoides biomass,which mainly occurred in the hot season from July to August. Therefore, from several aspects of its ecological adaptability, natural competitiveness, and pest damage, we could conclude that the natural extension risk of M. elatinoides at an aggressive scale in mainland China is very low and highly manageable. |
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