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| Influence of elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration and temperature on grain plumpness in rice |
| Received:February 18, 2019 |
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| KeyWord:elevated CO2 concentration;elevated temperature;rice;yield;grain position;grain plumpness |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | YUAN Man-man | State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture/Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
Laboratory of Nutrient Cycling, Resources and Environment of Anhui, Institute of Soil and Fertilizer, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China | | | ZHU Jian-guo | State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture/Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China | jgzhu@issas.ac.cn | | SUN Yi-xiang | Laboratory of Nutrient Cycling, Resources and Environment of Anhui, Institute of Soil and Fertilizer, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China | sunyixiang@126.com | | WANG Wei-lu | State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture/Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China | | | LIU Gang | State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture/Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China | |
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| Abstract: |
| To investigate the influence of elevated carbon dioxide concentration([CO2], +200 μmol·mol-1)and temperature(+1℃)on grain plumpness of different positions in rice(Oryza sativa L.)under future projected climatic conditions, a field experiment was carried out using the Temperature and Free Air CO2 Enrichment(T-FACE)platform. Compared to ambient temperature and[CO2(] Ambient), elevated[CO2] enhanced the yield and panicle number of the rice. However, elevated temperature had a negative effect on the yield and panicle number. A combination of elevated[CO2] and temperature decreased rice yield by 4.0% and 14.0% and reduced the panicle number by 3.5% and 5.4% in 2015 and 2016, respectively. Superior grain plumpness was best in all grains, with a higher 1000 grain weight than that of fulfilled, medium strength, and inferior grains that increased by 8.0%~11.7%, 10.5%~15.0%, and 38.8%~63.9% on average in both years, respectively. Although elevated[CO2] and warmed temperature had no remarkable effect on the 1000 grain weight of fulfilled grain, superior grain, and inferior grain, elevated[CO2] significantly increased 1000 grain weight of medium strength grain(P<0.05). In contrast, warmed temperature significantly decreased this value(P<0.01). Elevated[CO2] increased superior grain weight and inferior grain weight per panicle at harvest, and decreased grain weight and medium strength grain weight per panicle. Elevated temperature decreased superior grain weight and medium strength grain weight per panicle. Combination of elevated[CO2] and temperature decreased grain weight and medium strength grain weight per panicle. Furthermore, the ratio of superior grain weight to inferior grain weight contributed to the decrease in panicle weight under single elevated[CO2] or temperature. However, the ratio that medium strength grain weight contributed to panicle weight was opposite to this finding. The increase in the ratio of inferior grain weight contributed to panicle weight(33.1%)was larger than that of ratio of superior grain weight contributed to panicle weight(12.4%)on average in 2015 and 2016 under combined elevated[CO2] and temperature. The ratio of the medium strength grain weight contributed to panicle weight decreased by 4.5% on average in both years under combined elevated[CO2] and temperature, respectively. The ratio of superior grain weight, medium strength grain weight, and inferior grain weight contributed to panicle weight was 9.9%~15.9%, 73.2%~84.8%, and 5.2%~10.6% at harvest, respectively. Therefore, the change in medium strength grain influenced rice yield more than superior grain and inferior grain did. Moreover, rice yield in 2016 obviously decreased by 17.3%~28.6% compared with that in 2015 under all treatments, which was further aggravated by rising temperature conditions. This likely occurred because the weight of superior grain, medium strength grain, and inferior grain fell considerably because of high temperature in the blooming stage, rainy and scant lighting in the grain filling stage in 2016. Above all, the combination of elevated[CO2] and temperature decreased medium strength grain weight and its ratio contributed to panicle weight, and the increased ratio of inferior weight contributed to panicle weight, so[CO2] enrichment could not compensate for the negative impact of increasing temperature on rice yield. |
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