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Nitrogen resource quantity of main grain crop straw in China and the potential of synthetic nitrogen substitution under straw returning
Received:July 05, 2019  
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KeyWord:rice;wheat;maize;straw returning;synthetic N substitution
Author NameAffiliationE-mail
CHAI Ru-shan Anhui Province Key Lab of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China  
WANG Qing-yun Anhui Province Key Lab of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China  
YE Xin-xin Anhui Province Key Lab of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China  
JIANG Bo Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Lujiang County of Anhui Province, Lujiang 231500, China  
ZHAO Qiang Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Lujiang County of Anhui Province, Lujiang 231500, China  
WANG Qiang Anhui Province Key Lab of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China  
ZHANG Li-gan Anhui Province Key Lab of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China  
GAO Hong-jian Anhui Province Key Lab of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China hjgao@ahau.edu.cn 
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Abstract:
      In this research, the nitrogen resource quantity of main grain crop straw and the potential of synthetic N substitution were estimated for different provinces and agricultural regions of China during the 2013-2017 period, based on the latest agricultural statistics and data published in the literature. The purpose of this research is to provide a scientific basis for synthetic N substitution and reduction under straw returning. Results indicated that the amounts of straw from rice, wheat, and maize in the main grain crop-planting areas of China were 230.06 million, 166.85 million, and 386.98 million tons per year, respectively. The amounts of straw N resources from rice, wheat, and maize were 2.09 million, 1.08 million, and 3.56 million tons per year, respectively; these were mainly distributed across north China, the middle and lower Yangtze River areas, and northeast China, and accounted for 31.6%, 25.4%, and 24.2% of the total national straw N resources, respectively. The straw N resources from rice and wheat were mainly distributed in the middle and lower Yangtze River areas(1.21 million tons) and north China (0.67 million tons), respectively. The maize straw N resource was mainly distributed in north China(1.42 million tons) and northeast China(1.33 million tons). In the main rice-cultivating provinces of China, the amounts of synthetic N substituted by rice straw incorporation per unit area of arable land were higher(34.6~46.5 kg·hm-2) in Jiangsu, Hubei, Zhejiang, Hunan, Liaoning, and Anhui. The amounts of synthetic N substituted by wheat straw incorporation per unit area of arable land were relatively higher(22.2~27.4 kg·hm-2) in Henan, Hebei, Shandong, Anhui, Jiangsu, and Xinjiang. The amounts of synthetic N substituted by maize straw incorporation per unit area of arable land were higher(54.3~70.7 kg·hm-2) in Jilin, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Heilongjiang, Shandong, Jiangsu, Xinjiang, Hunan, and Anhui. In terms of the total straw returned to the fields, the amounts of synthetic N substituted by straw from rice, wheat, and maize could reach 0.99 million, 0.54 million, and 1.92 million tons per year, equivalent to 33.6, 23.4, and 51.2 kg·hm-2 of per unit area of arable land, respectively. Therefore, straw N resources were plentiful in China during this period. Making full use of straw N resources from the main grain crops could provide an effective solution for the reduction of synthetic N in China's croplands.