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| Phosphorus budgets and their associated environmental risks in the main apple orchard areas in China from 2006 to 2016 |
| Received:September 12, 2019 |
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| KeyWord:phosphorus budget;phosphorus footprint;environmental risk;apple main producing area |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | ZHAO Yang | School of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193 | | | LI Zhuo | School of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193 | | | LIU Ming | School of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193 | | | XIAO Xiao | School of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193 | | | WANG Chong-yang | School of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193 | | | SUN Dan-feng | School of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193 | | | LUN Fei | School of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193 | lunfei@cau.edu.cn |
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| Abstract: |
| Intensive apple production can bring economic benefits but may also create environmental problems. Phosphorus is vital for plants and thus, applying P to croplands can enhance production; however, it can also result in environmental risks. Therefore, it is highly important to estimate the phosphorus budget and its associated environmental risks in the main apple orchard areas in China, as this would be beneficial to ecological conservation and rural revitalization. Thus, we estimated the phosphorus budget and its associated environmental risks in the main apple orchard areas in China during 2006-2016 based on material flow analysis, P footprints, grey water footprint, and other factors. The main results were as follows. In 2006-2016, P inputs per unit area of China's main apple producing areas showed a trend of "first increase and then decrease",while the P content of the produced apples showed a slight increase, which led to the same trend of "first increase and then decrease" for the P footprints of China's main apple producing areas. During the same period, the total P inputs in these areas reached 1.848 6×106 t, whereas the total phosphorus utilization efficiency was only 3.95%. The risk to the water environment from apple cultivation in the main apple producing areas showed an increasingly serious trend during 2006-2010 but it improved in the following years, while the soil environmental risks always showed an increasingly serious trend. There are certain differences in P inputs per unit area, P footprints, and environmental risks in different regions in China. Therefore, this study can provide a scientific basis for improving regional rural revitalization and constructing an ecological civilization. |
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