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| Source analysis and pollution risk assessment of heavy metals in soil and maize grain through the application of organic materials |
| Received:December 17, 2019 |
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| KeyWord:heavy metal;organic material;environmental monitoring;pollution evaluation;maize |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | LI Chuan-zhe | Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Arable Land Conservation of Jiangsu Province, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China | | | YANG Su | Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Arable Land Conservation of Jiangsu Province, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China
College of Resources and Environment Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China | | | YAO Wen-jing | Bamboo Research Institute/College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China | | | WANG Ji-dong | Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Arable Land Conservation of Jiangsu Province, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China | jdwang66@163.com | | ZHANG Yong-chun | Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Arable Land Conservation of Jiangsu Province, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China | | | YANG Feng-juan | Liuhe District Longpao Street Agricultural Service Center, Nanjing 211500, China | | | AI Yu-chun | Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Arable Land Conservation of Jiangsu Province, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China | |
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| Abstract: |
| The addition of different organic materials to the alluvial flood district of the Huanghe river can improve the soil fertility of the former. However, the risk of heavy metal pollution to soils and crops is not known. In this study, environmental monitoring tests were conducted in alluvial flood districts for 2 years, and 10 randomized blocks-CK(control, no organic material), M1(6 t·hm-2 of organic fertilizer), M2(12 t·hm-2 of organic fertilizer), M3(18 t·hm-2 of organic fertilizer), S1(6 t·hm-2 of straw mushroom residue), S2(12 t·hm-2 of straw mushroom residue), S3(18 t·hm-2 of straw mushroom residue), B1(6 t·hm-2 of wood mushroom residue), B2(12 t·hm-2 of wood mushroom residue), and B3(18 t·hm-2 of wood mushroom residue)-were marked in a maize-wheat rotation system. The study analyzed the relationship between the source of heavy metals in the soil and crop quality. Different organic materials were used for this, and the heavy metal content in the topsoil(0~20 cm)and maize graim were determined using Pearson relative analysis and clustering analysis. The study also evaluated soil pollution by heavy metals using a potential ecological risk assessment and the pollution load index method. The results indicated that there reached a medium level of potential ecological risk from the organic materials analyzed and that Cd was the main contributor to this. The effects of organic fertilizer application on corn yield and heavy metal content in the soil were the most significant when different organic materials were added in equal quantities. This led to the most significant improvement in soil organic content and to the lowest effect on the heavy content of maize graim from the application of woody mushroom residue. The use of a single material increased the heavy metal content in the soil and maize graim as the fertilizer application rates increased. The Pb content in maize graim exceeded industry standards by 35% in the M2, M3, and S3 treatments. The pollution load index analysis indicated that, in all treatments, the Cd single-factor pollution index reached a high level; however, the content of other heavy metals except Cd was far lower than the minimum standard for soil pollution risk management and control for agricultural land in China. Therefore, overall heavy metal pollution could be considered within a safe level. Although there was a medium level of potential ecological risk, the heavy metal content in all treatments were within a safe level. To improve soil fertility rapidly and reduce the heavy metal pollution risk, the application of commercial organic fertilizer and straw mushroom residue should be minimized. The application of wood mushroom residue is more conducive for the sustainable development of soil environments and agricultural products. |
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