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Long-term effect of fertilization on accumulation and availability of heavy metal in a calcareous paddy soil
Received:January 04, 2020  
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KeyWord:long-term fertilization;calcareous purple soil;heavy metals;availability
Author NameAffiliationE-mail
LIU Can College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
Chongqing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Chongqing 400716, China 
 
QIN Yu-sheng Soil and Fertilizer Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, China  
ZHAO Xiu-lan College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
Chongqing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Chongqing 400716, China 
zxl@swu.edu.cn 
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Abstract:
      To investigate the effects of organic and chemical fertilizers on the accumulation and availability of heavy metals in calcareous paddy soil, soil samples were collected from a long-term experimental field established by the Soil and Fertilizer Research Institute of the Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences in 1982. Eight treatments were included:(1)unfertilized control(CK);(2)chemical nitrogen fertilizer(N);(3)N plus chemical phosphorus fertilizer(NP);(4)NP plus chemical potassium fertilizer(NPK);(5)organic fertilizer (M);(6)M plus N(MN);(7)M plus NP(MNP); and(8)M plus NPK(MNPK). Results showed that long-term application of NP and NPK decreased the values of pH and cation exchange capacity(CEC), but increased the soil organic matter content(SOM), alkali hydrolyzed nitrogen(AN), and available phosphorus(AP), and therefore, improved soil fertility. These effects were more profound in the NP and NPK treatments containing organic fertilizer. Chemical fertilizers did not change the total Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cd content in soils. Organic fertilizer along with chemical fertilizer significantly increased the Cu and Zn content but did not affect that of other metals. However, all these metals were under the limit prescribed by the Chinese soil environmental quality of agricultural land(GB 15618-2018). Amending the chemical fertilizers did not influence the availability of heavy metals except for treatments with chemical P fertilizer, which significantly increased available Fe, but decreased available Mn in soils. However, treatments with organic fertilizer increased soil available Cu, Pb, and Cd significantly. Correlation analysis showed that the relationships between the availability of heavy metals and the properties in the soil varied with elements. The results reported here indicate that long-term application of chemical fertilizers and organic fertilizers does not cause the risk of excessive heavy metal accumulation in calcareous purple paddy soil.