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| Effects of chemical fertilizer reduction combined with biogas fertilizer on crop yield of wheat-maize rotation and soil nitrogen loss in North China Plain |
| Received:December 11, 2019 |
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| KeyWord:non-point source pollution;nitrogen;chemical fertilizer reduction;wheat;maize |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | QIN Xue-chao | Key Laboratory of Nonpoint Source Pollution Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China | | | PAN Jun-ting | Key Laboratory of Nonpoint Source Pollution Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China | | | GUO Shu-fang | Institute of Agricultural Environment and Resources, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650201, China | | | ZHAI Li-mei | Key Laboratory of Nonpoint Source Pollution Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China | zhailimei@caas.cn | | WANG Hong-yuan | Key Laboratory of Nonpoint Source Pollution Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China | | | WU Shu-xia | Key Laboratory of Nonpoint Source Pollution Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China | | | LIU Hong-bin | Key Laboratory of Nonpoint Source Pollution Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China | |
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| Abstract: |
| To reduce the risk of nitrogen loss and improve the efficiency of fertilizer use, field experiments were conducted in the North China Plain to study the effects of different fertilizer treatments on the crop yield of wheat and maize, annual nitrogen leaching, and runoff loss. The results showed that the yield of wheat and maize was not reduced by applying chemical fertilizer alone or 10% biogas fertilizer substitution with nitrogen fertilizer reduction of 150 kg·hm-2. Compared with the annual average nitrogen surplus of 218.1 kg·hm-2 under the CON treatment, the nitrogen surplus of the RF and RFM treatments decreased by 66.7% and 55.9%, respectively. The average leaching concentration and annual leaching amount of nitrogen in the CON treatment were 33.70 mg·L-1 and 22.01 kg·hm-2, respectively. Compared with conventional fertilization, the average nitrogen leaching concentration and annual leaching loss in the RF treatment decreased by 31.45% and 30.58%, respectively, whereas that in the RFM treatment decreased by 40.65% and 43.39%, respectively. Runoff occurred only twice during the study. The occurrence of nitrogen leaching and the amount of nitrogen loss in the study area were much higher than that of runoff loss. Leaching was the main pathway of nitrogen loss. The average nitrogen runoff concentration and annual runoff loss in the CON treatment were 23.0 mg·L-1 and 0.095 kg·hm-2, respectively. Compared with conventional fertilization, the average nitrogen runoff concentration and annual runoff loss in the RF treatment decreased by 32.9% and 30.5%, whereas that in the RFM treatment decreased by 45.5% and 50.5%, respectively. Due to the higher fertilization rate, the apparent nitrogen leaching rate of the conventional fertilization treatment was 4.19%, whereas that in the RF and RFM treatments decreased by 2.86% and 20.76%, respectively. NO3--N was the main form of nitrogen loss, accounting for 66.3% and 73.3% of the total nitrogen loss in leaching and runoff, respectively, which was consistent with the trend in total nitrogen loss. In conclusion, chemical fertilizer reduction combined with biogas fertilizer was an effective measure for reducing nitrogen loss concentration and amount while ensuring crop yield. |
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