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| Heavy metal and bacterial community characteristics in poultry farm manure and surrounding soils in Ningxia, China |
| Received:March 18, 2020 |
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| KeyWord:poultry manure;breeding period;soil;heavy metal;bacterial community;metal-bacteria relationship |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | ZHANG Jun-hua | Institute of Environmental Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China | | | JIA Ping-ping | The Resource and Environment College of Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China | | | LIU Ji-li | Institute of Environmental Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China | 18295172155@163.com | | SUN Yuan | The Resource and Environment College of Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China | | | SHANG Tian-hao | The Resource and Environment College of Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China | |
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| Abstract: |
| In order to understand the status of heavy metals and bacterial communities in the manure and surrounding soils of poultry farms in Ningxia, China, fresh poultry manure and soil samples were collected during different breeding periods from the largest laying hen breeding area in the region. The heavy metal contents and the composition and diversity of the bacterial communities were analyzed and the results showed that the mean contents of Cu, Cd, Cr, Pb, Hg, and As in the poultry manure were 26.83%~93.23% lower than their national means, while the content of Zn was 28.74% higher than the national mean and approximately 6.94% higher than the maximum limit allowed by German composting regulations. During the breeding periods, the contents of Cu, Cd, and As in poultry manure first decreased and then increased. Manure collected in the brooding period had the highest Cu, Zn, Cd, and Hg contents across all periods, while the manure collected during the growth period had the lowest Cu, Zn, Cr, Pb, and As contents. The comprehensive pollution index of heavy metals for poultry manure was only at a safe level during the growth period; it was highest during the peak laying period and remained at dangerous levels across all other breeding periods. Meanwhile, the Cu and Zn contents in the soils around the poultry farms and with poultry manure application were higher than those in the control treatment, yet their comprehensive pollution indices were at safe levels. The dominant microbial communities at the phylum level in the poultry manure were Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidetes. Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, and Planctomycetes in soils occurred at higher relative abundances than other phyla. After poultry manure was applied, the relative abundances of bacteria at the phylum level in soils did not vary significantly. In poultry manure, pH and total potassium significantly promoted the diversity of the bacterial community and the dominant phyla; Zn had the greatest influence on the bacterial community among the heavy metals. In soils, the organic matter content significantly influenced the diversity of the bacterial community, and Cu and Zn significantly promoted the diversity of the bacterial community and dominant phyla. |
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