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| Pollution characteristics of bacteriophage resistance genes in pig farm wastewater treatment system effluent and surrounding rivers |
| Received:June 11, 2020 |
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| KeyWord:bacteriophage;antibiotic resistance gene;wastewater treatment system;pig farm;river |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | YANG Yi-wen | College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China | | | CHEN Ying-xi | College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China | | | CAI Ying-feng | College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China | | | XING Si-cheng | College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China | | | WU Rui-ting | College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China | | | CHEN Ning-xue | College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China | | | LIAO Xin-di | College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
Key Laboratory of Tropical Agriculture Environment of South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China | xdliao@scau.edu.cn |
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| Abstract: |
| In this study, five typical pig farm wastewater treatment systems were selected as the research objects. The effluent, upstream water, and downstream water samples were collected, and the bacteriophage DNA was extracted. Real-time PCR technology was used to detect the abundances of tetracycline resistance genes (tetG, tetX, and tetW), sulfonamide resistance genes (sul1 and sul2), macrolide resistance genes (ermA and ermB), β-lactam resistance genes (blaTEM), chloramphenicol resistance genes (cmlA), and integrin genes (intl1 and intl2). The results showed that the detection rate of phage resistance genes in the effluent was lower than that in the river samples. Among them, cmlA was only detected in 1/5 of the effluent samples, and sul1 was only detected in 2/5 of the effluent samples. However, cmlA and sul1 were detected in all the river samples. The average absolute abundance of sul2 was 4.09 ±0.16, which was significantly higher than that of the other antibiotic resistance genes (P<0.05). There was a significant strong positive correlation between the abundance of cmlA and the abundances of blaTEM and sul1, respectively (P<0.05). Furthermore, there was a strong positive correlation between the abundance of intl1 and the abundances of cmlA, blaTEM, and sul1, respectively (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the abundances of cmlA and sul1 in different pig farm samples. However, there was a clear difference among the abundances of other genes in different pig farm samples. The abundance of total resistance genes in the effluent was significantly lower than that in the upstream samples and downstream samples (P<0.05). This study shows that there is a high abundance of bacteriophage resistance genes in the effluent of typical pig farm wastewater treatment systems, but it does not have a significant impact on the surrounding rivers. |
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