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| Effects of deep fertilization methods on ammonia volatilization and rice yield in paddy fields |
| Received:April 19, 2020 |
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| KeyWord:nitrogen reduction;deep placement;ammonia volatilization;rice;yield |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | ZHOU Ping-yao | College of Resources&Environment and Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China | | | ZHANG Zhen | College of Resources&Environment and Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China | | | WANG Hua | College of Resources&Environment and Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China | wangchina926@hunau.edu.cn | | XIAO Zhi-hua | College of Resources&Environment and Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China | | | XU Hua-qin | College of Resources&Environment and Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China | | | WANG Jiu-xiang | College of Resources&Environment and Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China | |
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| Abstract: |
| In order to explore the method of reducing ammonia emissions from farmland, the effects of different deep fertilization methods on the ammonia volatilization loss, nitrogen utilization rate, and rice yield in rice fields were determined to provide a theoretical basis for rational fertilization of rice. Pot experiments were arranged in the Changsha Agricultural Environment Observatory in Jinjing Town, Changsha City, Hunan Province. The effects of different deep fertilization methods on the ammonia volatilization loss, nitrogen utilization efficiency, and rice yield were studied. Seven treatments were used, namely N0 (without chemical fertilizer), S300 (traditional nitrogen fertilizer application), S210 (30% nitrogen reduction+traditional nitrogen fertilizer application), R5 (30% nitrogen reduction+strip depth of 5 cm), R10 (30% nitrogen reduction+strip depth of 10 cm), B5 (30% nitrogen reduction+ball depth of 5 cm), and B10 (30% nitrogen reduction+ball depth of 10 cm). Ammonia volatilization was continuously monitored on the first day after fertilization until there was no significant difference between the ammonia emissions from the fertilization treatment and non-fertilization treatment, and the nitrogen content and yield were determined at the mature stage of rice. The results showed that the deep application treatment could reduce the water concentration of NH4+-N in the field surface and promote the nitrogen uptake by plants. Compared with the S300 treatment, the ammonia volatilization loss decreased by 30.13%~47.85%. Compared with the S210 treatment, the nitrogen recovery rate of the deep application increased by 9.16%~29.44%, the nitrogen agronomic efficiency increased by 13.85%~32.14%, and the grain production efficiency increased by 12.18%~28.27%. Based on the nitrogen reduction of 30%, the yield of rice treated with deep application increased by 12.79%~28.27% compared with that of the S210 treatment. The B10 treatment significantly reduced the ammonia volatilization loss and increased the nitrogen utilization rate. As a result, deep application can effectively reduce the ammonia volatilization loss and increase the nitrogen utilization rate in rice fields, and the B10 treatment (30% nitrogen reduction+ball depth of 10 cm)is the most advantageous. The mechanization of deep fertilization needs to be further developed and popularized. |
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