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| Characteristics of soil erosion and phosphorus loss from loessial sloping land under different measures during heavy rainstorms |
| Received:March 30, 2020 |
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| KeyWord:horizontal ridge;vegetation coverage;biochar;slope;soil erosion;phosphorus loss |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | CHI Yu-bo | Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas, Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming of Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China | | | WU Lei | Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas, Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming of Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China | lwu@nwsuaf.edu.cn | | LI Rui | Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas, Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming of Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China | | | GAO Shuang | Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas, Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming of Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China | |
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| Abstract: |
| A simulated rainfall experiment of 60 mm·h-1 was conducted to investigate the effects of different management measures on slope erosion, and sediment and phosphorus loss on loessial sloping land of 10°, 15°, and 20° for CK(bare slope, 0% biochar, flat tillage), C1(bare slope, 0% biochar, horizontal ridge), C2(bare slope, 3% biochar, flat tillage), C3(bare slope, 3% biochar, horizontal ridge), C4 (bare slope, 6% biochar, flat tillage), C5(bare slope, 6% biochar, horizontal ridge), C6(vegetation coverage, 0% biochar, flat tillage), C7 (vegetation coverage, 0% biochar, horizontal ridge), C8(vegetation coverage, 3% biochar, flat tillage), C9(vegetation coverage, 3% biochar, horizontal ridge), C10(vegetation coverage, 6% biochar, flat tillage), and C11(vegetation coverage, 6% biochar, horizontal ridge). The results showed that C1, C6, C7, C8, and C9 effectively reduced the soil erosion and phosphorus loss of different loessial slopes. Soil erosion and phosphorus loss were aggravated by the application of biochar(C2~C5, C8~C11), especially on steep slopes. Vegetation coverage(C6~C11)effectively slowed sediment and phosphorus loss on different slopes, and the controlling effect was optimal on the 15° slope. The mitigation effect of the horizontal ridge on the bare slope(C1, C3, and C5)decreased as the slope increased and was liable to fail at 20°; thus the horizontal ridge was recommended for slopes ≤ 10°. The combination of vegetation coverage and horizontal ridge(C7, C9, and C11)effectively reduced sediment and phosphorus loss for different slopes with a reduction rate of ≥ 50% and was advisable for agricultural production. Particulate phosphorus(PP)was the primary form of phosphorus loss on loessial sloping land, accounting for more than 80% in most scenarios and increasing with increased slope. Applying biochar increased the proportion of PP loss, the proportion of C2 and C4 accounted for more than 90%, and the installation of the horizontal ridge and vegetation coverage reduced the PP/TP proportion. Therefore, the horizontal ridge on a gentle slope, a reasonable combination of vegetation coverage, and a 3% biochar application on a steep slope were beneficial for controlling the soil erosion and phosphorus loss of loessial slopes. |
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