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| Dynamic water quality changes in a kiwifruit production area of the northern Qinling Mountains |
| Received:June 28, 2020 |
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| KeyWord:land use;Qinling Mountains;kiwifruit;water quality;nitrate;water chemical factors |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | WANG Shi-mao | College of Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
Northwest Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Yangling 712100, China | | | QU Ting | College of Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
Northwest Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Yangling 712100, China | | | HU Hao-xiang | College of Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
Northwest Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Yangling 712100, China | | | XU Xiao-yang | College of Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
Northwest Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Yangling 712100, China | | | GAO Jing-bo | College of Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
Northwest Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Yangling 712100, China | | | CHEN Zhu-jun | College of Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
Northwest Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Yangling 712100, China | | | ZHOU Jian-bin | College of Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
Northwest Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Yangling 712100, China | jbzhou@nwsuaf.edu.cn |
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| Abstract: |
| To explore the effects of intensive kiwifruit production on the quality of surface-and groundwater in the northern piedmont of the Qinling Mountains, Shaanxi, a total of 32 samples[8 from surface water and 24 from well water(12 from shallow well at depth 2~18 m and 12 from deep well at depth >100 m)] were collected from different land use types, such as orchards, residential areas, and natural vegetation areas, during different months. The measured water quality indices included electrical conductivity(EC)and potassium(K+), sodium(Na+), calcium(Ca2+), magnesium(Mg2+), chlorine(Cl-), and sulfate(SO42-)contents. The results showed that changes to surface water nitrate content were slower in natural vegetation areas and did not exceed the standard limit. However, groundwater and surface water nitrate contents considerably exceeded the standard in kiwifruit production areas, as around 31.82% of surface water samples[>10 mg N·L-1, quality standard for surface water(GB 3838-2002)], 93.27% of groundwater samples, and 57.41% of deep groundwater samples exceeded their respective standard limits[>10 mg N·L-1, quality for ground water(GB/T 14848-2017)]. The changes in groundwater and surface water nitrate contents were essentially consistent with the changes in fertilization practices, and nitrate content generally peaked during the fertilization periods in June and November. The shallow groundwater nitrate content significantly declined in September, which was consistent with the long-term high rainfall observed in September. The surface water and groundwater EC, Ca2+, Mg2+, and Cl- contents were also significantly increased in kiwifruit production areas. In addition, there were significant positive correlations between EC and NO3-, Cl-, Ca2+, Mg2+, and Na+ contents. The issue of excessive groundwater nitrate in the main kiwifruit production area in the northern foothills of the Qinling Mountains, Shaanxi is severe, and effective measures should be implemented to solve this problem. |
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