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| Synthesis of V/ZSM-5 by ball milling for catalytic conversion of biomass to formic acid |
| Received:July 23, 2020 |
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| KeyWord:biomass;bio-energy;solid catalyst;waste valorization;carbohydrates |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | QIN Xiao-ya | Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China | | | LI Jia-lu | Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China | | | DING Yong-zhen | Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China | dingyongzhen@caas.cn | | SHEN Feng | Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China | shenfeng@caas.cn |
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| Abstract: |
| V/ZSM-5 solid catalyst was prepared using the solvent-free mechanical ball milling method and the conventional impregnation method. X-ray powder diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS), N2 physical adsorption, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS)were used to characterize the catalyst. The results showed that the catalysts prepared using the two methods had similar V content(~1.7%). Compared to the traditional impregnation method, the ball milling process was solvent-free and needs less time(1 h). In addition, the particle size was smaller and had a larger specific area(367 m2·g-1 vs 223.90 m2·g-1), and the ball milling treatment results in a higher valence state of V leading to the better yield of the ball milled catalyst(45% vs 35%). The effect of different experimental factors on the catalytic reaction in water was studied systematically. Under the optimal conditions(180℃; catalyst:substrate=1:2; 3 MPa oxygen; 30 min), the yield of formic acid from glucose was up to 45%. In addition, various carbohydrates could be converted to formic acid with the prepared catalyst. This study provides an additional method for the synthesis of metal-supported catalysts which is simple, efficient, easy to operate, and environmentally friendly. It is of great significance for the conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to high value-added chemicals. |
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