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| Effects of earthworms on soil enzyme activities and microbial communities of chlortetracycline-contaminated soils |
| Received:December 22, 2020 |
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| KeyWord:earthworm;chlortetracycline;bacteria;soil;enzyme activity |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | YANG Si-de | College of Resources and Environment, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
Innovation Team of Soil Organic Contaminant Control, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Original AgroEnvironmental Pollution Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Original AgroEnvironment and Agro-Product Safety, Tianjin 300191, China | | | CHANG Xing-ping | Innovation Team of Soil Organic Contaminant Control, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Original AgroEnvironmental Pollution Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Original AgroEnvironment and Agro-Product Safety, Tianjin 300191, China | | | PAN Zheng | Innovation Team of Soil Organic Contaminant Control, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Original AgroEnvironmental Pollution Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Original AgroEnvironment and Agro-Product Safety, Tianjin 300191, China | | | LI Ming-tang | College of Resources and Environment, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China | | | WENG Li-ping | Innovation Team of Soil Organic Contaminant Control, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Original AgroEnvironmental Pollution Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Original AgroEnvironment and Agro-Product Safety, Tianjin 300191, China | | | LI Yong-tao | College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China | | | ZHAO Li-xia | Innovation Team of Soil Organic Contaminant Control, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Original AgroEnvironmental Pollution Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Original AgroEnvironment and Agro-Product Safety, Tianjin 300191, China | zhaolixia@caas.cn |
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| Abstract: |
| To explore the effects of earthworms on the soil enzyme activities and microbial communities of antibiotic-contaminated soils, chlortetracycline was selected as the target contaminant and Metaphire guillelmi and Eisenia fetida were chosen as the experimental organisms. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, a soil enzyme kit（microplate method）, high throughput sequencing, and redundancy analysis were used to determine and analyze the residual chlortetracycline, soil enzyme activity, and bacterial community. The results showed that the concentrations of chlortetracycline in the earthworm treatments（0.022 4~1.006 0 mg·kg-1）were significantly lower than those in the treatments without earthworms（0.033 5~1.585 0 mg·kg-1）at the end of cultivation（28 d）. Chlortetracycline inhibited the activities of dehydrogenase, invertase, urease, and alkaline phosphatase and increased the activity of catalase. The activities of dehydrogenase, catalase, invertase, and urease in the soil were activated by both earthworms with maximum activation rates of 77.80%~ 88.50%, 4.00%~6.16%, 69.20%~72.60%, and 43.20%~48.80%, respectively. The activity of alkaline phosphatase was inhibited with a maximum inhibition rate of 23.8%~25.0%. The high-throughput sequencing results showed that the structure of the bacterial community in the soil was altered by both earthworms at the end of cultivation, and different earthworm types had different effects on the bacterial community structure. At the phylum level, the earthworms did not change the composition of the dominant bacteria in the soil, but did modify their abundance ratios. At the genus level, a few species, such as Flavobacterium, Aeromonas, Luteolibacter, Adhaeribacter, and Pseudomonas, were significantly promoted by both earthworms, thereby accelerating the degradation of chlortetracycline in soils. Redundancy analysis showed that the soil pH, organic matter content, chlortetracycline concentration, and bacterial community structure were important factors affecting the soil enzyme activities. Specifically, endogeic Metaphire guillelmi stimulated dehydrogenase, invertase and urease activities than epigeic Eisenia fetida. |
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