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| Effects of one-time deep application of available nitrogen and slow and controlled-release nitrogen on rice yield, nitrogen use efficiency, and nitrogen loss |
| Received:March 11, 2021 |
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| KeyWord:double-cropping rice;side deep fertilization;available nitrogen;controlled-release nitrogen;yield;nitrogen loss;nitrogen use efficiency |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | HOU Kun | College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Changsha 410128, China | | | RONG Xiangmin | College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Changsha 410128, China | | | HAN Lei | College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Changsha 410128, China | | | PAN Zhiyu | College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Changsha 410128, China | | | PENG Jianwei | College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Changsha 410128, China | | | ZHANG Yuping | College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Changsha 410128, China | | | XIE Guixian | College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Changsha 410128, China | | | TIAN Chang | College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Changsha 410128, China | | | HAN Yongliang | College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Changsha 410128, China | xiaohliang@163.com |
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| Abstract: |
| The purpose of this study was to explore the reasonable ratio of available nitrogen to slow/controlled-release nitrogen under the one-time side deep fertilization mode of machine insertion synchronization to improve the fertilizer utilization rate, reduce nitrogen loss, and realize clean production of rice while obtaining a stable rice yield. A field plot experiment was conducted with the seven following treatments, CK:no fertilization; T1:conventional fertilization[N rate:150 kg ·hm-2(early rice), 165 kg ·hm-2(late rice)]; and T2~T6:simultaneous machine-planting and one-side deep fertilization[N application rate:105 kg·hm-2(early rice), 132 kg·hm-2(late rice)], for which slow and controlled-release nitrogen accounted for 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% of the total nitrogen, respectively. The effects of deep application of different ratios of available nitrogen and slow-release nitrogen on the double-cropping rice yield, fertilizer use efficiency, and nitrogen loss were explored. In the early rice season, the yield difference among the treatments was not significant, whereas in the late rice season, the yield difference among treatments T3~T5 was not significant. The yield of treatment T6 was significantly lower than that of treatments T4 and T5. Compared with those of treatment T1, the absorption and utilization rates of treatments T2~T6 increased by 8.08~14.10 percent points(early rice) and 6.68~26.61 percent points(late rice), respectively. For early and late rice, compared with that of treatment T2, the cumulative amount of ammonia volatilization of treatments T3~T6 decreased by 5.20%~38.20% and 29.41%~35.60%, respectively, and the average concentration of total nitrogen in the field water decreased by 20.90%~38.22% and 7.39%~29.14%, respectively. The average concentration of ammonium nitrogen in the surface water of approximately decreased by 26.26%~46.09% and 42.57%~45.61%, respectively. Treatment T4 did not reduce the yields of early and late rice, and the fertilizer absorption efficiency reached 37.93%(early rice) and 61.32%(late rice). The cumulative amount of ammonia volatilization, the average concentration of total nitrogen in the field water, and the average concentration of ammonium nitrogen decreased by 37.00%, 30.48%, and 31.88% for early rice and by 35.58%, 12.88%, and 52.58% for late rice, respectively; thus, the overall effects were the best. The synchronous one-time side deep fertilization method is suitable for the production of double-cropping rice in Hunan Province, and slow/controlled-release nitrogen should account for 20% of the total nitrogen. |
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