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| Agricultural risk assessment and removal of typical heavy metals and antibiotics from piggery wastes |
| Received:May 17, 2021 |
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| KeyWord:swine farm;heavy metal;antibiotic;removal rate;risk assessment |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | CHENG Yuhang | School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China | | | LI Helian | School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China | | | XU Guohao | School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China | | | HAN Xuemei | School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China | | | LIU Yinghao | School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China | stu_liuyh@ujn.edu.cn |
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| Abstract: |
| To quantitate residual levels of heavy metals and antibiotics in piggery wastes from a large-scale pig farm in Shandong Province, six heavy metals(Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Cr, and Pb) and six antibiotics(oxytetracycline, chlortetracycline, doxycycline, sulfadiazine, sulfamethazine, and sulfamethoxazole)from different treatment units(temporary storage tank, primary settling tank, secondary settling tank, final settling tank, and oxidation pond)and an aerobic composting reactor were detected using atomic absorption spectrometry / inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS-MS), respectively. The ecological hazards of compost products and effluents from oxidation ponds were assessed using the Nemerow index method or risk quotient(RQ)method. All six heavy metals and all six antibiotics were detected in all wastewater and compost products. The main heavy metals in wastewater were Cu and Zn, with highest concentrations of 15 042.5 μg·L-1 and 20 890.3 μg·L-1, respectively. Oxytetracycline, chlortetracycline, and doxycycline were the main antibiotics in wastewater, with concentrations reaching 234.1 μg·L-1. The treatment process "solid-liquid separation + UASB + multistage A / O + oxidation pond" effectively removed heavy metals and antibiotics, with removal rates of 74.8%~99.7%(except Pb) and 39.4%~99.8%, respectively. The effluent quality met Standards for Farmland Irrigation Water Quality(GB 5084—2005). The degradation rate of antibiotics in pig feces ranged from 49.8% to 90.9% during the composting process in the aerobic reactor. Pb and Zn concentrations in aerobic composting products of pig feces exceeded the limits specified in the Organic Fertilizer(NY 525—2012), and the Control Standards of Pollutants in Sludge for Agricultural Use(GB 4284—2018). In conclusion, doxycycline and oxytetracycline are the main pollutants, associated with high risk in the discharge water of oxidation ponds, posing a level of ecological risk to the environment. Further reductions or other mitigation measures should be considered. Pb and Zn are the main pollutants in compost products, which could pose potential risks if applied directly to farmlands. |
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